* Molnar AC, Sivak B (1964) Melampsora infection of pine in British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Botany 42, 145-158.
------- aecial hosts of Melampsora medusae with reported infection in nature
* Molnar AC, Sivak B (1964) Melampsora infection of pine in British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Botany 42, 145-158.
------- aecial hosts of Melampsora medusae with reported infection in nature
* Kirichenko NI, Baranchikov YN, Vidal S (2009) Host plant preference and performance of the potentially invasive Siberian moth (Dendrolimus superans sibiricus) on European coniferous species. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 11, 247-254.
------- Artificial / potential highly suitable host in Europe (laboratory trial).
* Kirichenko NI, Flament J, Baranchikov YN, Grégoire JC (2008) Native and exotic coniferous species in Europe – possible host plants for the potentially invasive Siberian moth, Dendrolimus sibiricus Tschtv. (Lepidoptera, Lasiocampidae). EPPO Bulletin 38, 259-263.
------- Artificial / potential highly suitable host in Europe (laboratory trial).
* Kirichenko NI, Flament J, Baranchikov YN, Grégoire JC (2011) Larval performances and life cycle completion of the Siberian moth, Dendrolimus sibiricus (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae), on potential host plants in Europe: a laboratory study on potted trees. European Journal of Forest Research 130(6), 1067-1074.
------- Artificial / potential highly suitable host in Europe (laboratory trial).
* Zlotina MA (1999) Biology and behavior of Lymantria mathura Moore (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). (1999). Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014. 5673. Accessed 9 June 2023 from: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1/5679
------- Indoor test, unusual host, larval survival (33%).
* Zlotina MA, Mastro VC, Leonard DE, Elkinton JS (1998) Survival and development of Lymantria mathura on North American, Asian, and European tree species. Journal of Economic Entomology 91, 1162–1166.
------- Indoor test, unusual host, moderatly suitable host, larval survival (33%)
* Pratt RG, Roth LF, Hansen EM & Ostrofsky WD (1976) Identity and pathogenicity of species of Phytophthora causing root rot of Douglas-fir in the Pacific Northwest. Phytopathology 66, 710–71
* Powell JA (1962) Taxonomic studies on the Acleris gloverana - variana complex, the black-headed budworms (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Canadian Entomologist 94, 833-840.
* Hamilton KGA (1982) The spittlebugs of Canada. The Insects and Arachnids of Canada – Part 10. Biosystematics Research Institute Ottawa, Ontario Research Branch Agriculture Canada. Publication 1740. 102 pp.
------- nymphs and adults
* INTERNET
ScaleNet. Chionaspis pinifoliae. http://scalenet.info/catalogue/Chionaspis%20pinifoliae/
* Gwiazdowski RA, Vea MI, Andersen CJ & Normark BB (2011) Discovery of cryptic species among North American pine-feeding Chionaspis scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society of London 104(1), 47–62.
* Normark BB, Okusu A, Morse GE, Peterson DA, Itioka T & Schneider SA (2019) Phylogeny and classification of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae). Zootaxa 4616(1), 1–98.
* Shour MH & Schuder DL (1987) Host range and geographic distribution of Chionaspis heterophyllae Cooley and C. pinifoliae (Fitch) (Homoptera: Diaspididae). Indiana Academy of Science 96, 297–304.
* Bishop GC (1978) Studies on silver leaf disease of stone and pome fruit trees (Doctoral dissertation, Adelaide, Australia), 155 pp. https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2440/20649/2/02whole.pdf
* Powell JA (1980) Nomenclature of Nearctic conifer-feeding Choristoneura (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): historical review and present status. Canada United States Spruce Budworms Program. US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report PNW-100. 18 pp.
* Powell JA (1995) Biosystematic Studies of Conifer-feeding Choristoneura (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae) in the Western United States. University of California Publications in Entomology 115. University of California Press. 284 pp.
* Llewellyn-Jones JRJ (1935) Some food plants of lepidopterous larvae. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 31, 28-32.
------- as Pseudotsuga taxifolia.
* Brown JW, Robinson G, Powell JA (2008) Food plant database of the leafrollers of the world (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Version 1.0). http://www.tortricid.net/foodplants.asp.
------- citing Powell JA (2006) Database of Lepidoptera rearing lots, 1960-2005. University of California Berkeley, CA
* Volney WJA, Liebhold AM, Waters WE (1984). Host associations, phenotypic variation, and mating compatibility of Choristoneura occidentalis and C. retiniana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) populations in south-central Oregon. The Canadian Entomologist 116(6), 813-826.
* Rudolph EA, Wiman NG (2023) Insights from specimen data for two economic Chrysobothris species (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in the western United States. Annals of the Entomological Society of America (early view). https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saad009
------- Study on museum specimen labels (collected on logs of this species).
* EPPO (2021) EPPO Technical Document No. 1083. Pest risk analysis for Chrysobothris femorata and C. mali. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/CHRBMA/documents
------- conifers are not attacked. Therefore the record in Rudolph & Wiman (2023) was added under doubtful hosts.
* Leal I, Bergeron MJ, Feau N, Tsui CKM, Foord B, Pellow K, Hamelin RC & Sturrock RN (2019) Cryptic speciation in western North America and Eastern Eurasia of the pathogens responsible for laminated root rot. Phytopathology 109(3), 456–468. https://doi:10.1094/PHYTO-12-17-0399-R
* Wang XW, Jiang JH, Liu SL, Gafforov Y, Zhou LW (2022) Species diversification of the coniferous pathogenic fungal genus Coniferiporia (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) in association with its biogeography and host plants. Phytopathology 112(2), 404-413.
* Grégoire JC (1988) The greater European spruce beetle. In: Dynamics of forest insect populations (Ed. by Berryman A) Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, USA. pp. 455-478.
* Drenkhan R et al. (2016) Global geographic distribution and host range of Dothistroma species: a comprehensive review. Forest Pathology 46, 408-442.
------- Slightly susceptible.
* Ortíz de Urbina E, Mesanza N, Aragonés A, Raposo R, Elvira-Recuenco M, Boqué R, Patten C, Aitken J, Iturritxa E (2017) Emerging needle blight diseases in Atlantic Pinus ecosystems of Spain. Forests 8(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/f8010018
* Drenkhan R, Ganley B, Martín-García J, Vahalík P, Adamson K, Adamčíková K, Ahumada R, Blank L et al. (2020) Global geographic distribution and host range of Fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pine pitch canker. Forests 11(7), 724.
------- Isolated records.
* Gordon TR, Kirkpatrick SC, Aegerter BJ, Wood DL, Storer AJ (2006) Susceptibility of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) to pitch canker, caused by Gibberella circinata (anamorph = Fusarium circinatum). Plant Pathology 55, 231-237.
-------- In experiments, majority of tested trees were relatively resistant but some were clearly susceptible (short lesions).
* Gordon TR, Storer AJ, Okamoto D (1996) The population structure of the pitch canker pathogen, Fusarium subglutinans f. sp. pini, in California. Mycological Research 100, 850-854.
------- In California (US), affected trees showed branch dieback.
* Vogler D R, Gordon T R, Aegerter B J, Kirkpatrick S C, Lunak G A, Stover P, Violett P (2004) First report of the pitch canker fungus (Fusarium circinatum) in the Sierra Nevada of California. Plant Disease 88(7), 772.
* Furniss RL, Carolin VM (1977) Western forest insects (Scolytidae, Platypodidae). Miscellaneous Publications, United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service No. 1339, pp. 1-654
* Furniss RL, Carolin VM (1977) Western forest insects (Scolytidae, Platypodidae). Miscellaneous Publications, United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service No. 1339, pp. 1-654
* Garbelotto M, Gonthier P (2013) Biology, Epidemiology, and Control of Heterobasidion Species Worldwide. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 2013. 51:39–59
------ confirmed host
* Kašák J, Foit J (2015) Double-spined bark beetle (Ips duplicatus) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): a new host – Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) – Short Communication. Journal of Forest Science 61(6), 274-276.
* Monné MA, Nearns EH (2021) Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of Canada and United States of America. Part IV. Subfamily Lamiinae. https://cerambycids.com/catalog/Monne&Nearns_2021_NearcticCat_part_IV.pdf
* Akbulut S, Stamps WT (2012) Insect vectors of the pinewood nematode: a review of the biology and ecology of Monochamus species. Forest Pathology 42(2), 89-99. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.2011.00733.x
* Keen FP (1952) Insect Enemies of Western Forests. Miscellaneous Publication no. 273. USDA, 209 pp.
* Linsley EG, Chemsak JA (1984) The Cerambycidae of North America, Part VII, No. 1: taxonomy and classification of the subfamily Lamiinae, tribes Parmenini through Acanthoderini. University of California Publications in Entomology 102, 258 pp.
* Monné MA, Nearns EH (2021) Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of Canada and United States of America. Part IV. Subfamily Lamiinae. https://cerambycids.com/catalog/Monne&Nearns_2021_NearcticCat_part_IV.pdf
------- Monochamus obtusus obtusus.
* Monné MA, Nearns EH (2021) Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of Canada and United States of America. Part IV. Subfamily Lamiinae. https://cerambycids.com/catalog/Monne&Nearns_2021_NearcticCat_part_IV.pdf
* Sánchez-Martínez G, González-Gaona E, López-Martínez V, Espinosa-Zaragoza S, López-Baez O, Sanzón-Gómez D, Pérez-De la O NB (2022) Climatic suitability and distribution overlap of sawflies (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) and threatened populations of Pinaceae. Forests 13, 1067. https://doi.org/10.3390/f1307106
------- Recorded as a host in Mexico.
* Ito K (1963) Shoot blight of larch. A destructive disease in larch plantations of Japan I. Bulletin of the Government Forest Experimental Station Tokyo 159, 89-103.
------- Experimental host.
* Sato K, Shouji T (1962) Ditto V (Preliminary report). Pathogenicity of Guignardia laricina, the causal fungus of the disease. Transactions of the 73rd Annual Meeting of the Japanese Forestry Society, 217-219 (in Japanese).
------- Experimental host.
* Sato K, Yokozawa Y, Shoji T (1963) Studies on the shoot blight disease of larch. Bulletin of the Government Forest Experimental Station Tokyo 156, 85–137.
------- Confirmed host.
* Mantiri FR, Samuels GJ, Rahe JE, Honda BM (2001) Phylogenetic relationships in Neonectria species having Cylindrocarpon anamorphs inferred from mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences. Canadian Journal of Botany 79, 334-340.
* Reeser P, Sutton W, Hansen E (2013) Phytophthora pluvialis, a new species from mixed tanoak-Douglas-fir forests of western Oregon, U.S.A. North American Fungi 8(7), 1-8.
------- confirmed host.
* Pérez‐Sierra A, Chitty R, Eacock A, Jones B, Biddle M, Crampton M, Lewis A, Olivieri L, Webber JF (2022) First report of Phytophthora pluvialis in Europe causing resinous cankers on western hemlock. New Disease Reports 45(1):e12064. https://doi.org/10.1002/ndr2.12064
* Garbelotto M & Rizzo DM (2002) Report on coast redwood and Douglas-fir as host for Phytophthora ramorum. http://www.suddenoakdeath.org/pdf/MGBinder.Redwoodreport.9.02.pdf
* Deyrup MA (1978) Notes on the biology of Pissodes fasciatus LeConte and its insect associates (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 54, 103-106.
* Hopkins AD (1911) Technical papers on miscellaneous forest insects. I. Contributions toward a monograph of the bark-weevils of the genus Pissodes. Technical Series No. 20, Part I. United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, Washington, DC, x + 68 pp + 22 plates.
* Jacobi WR (1992) Potential insect vectors of black stain root disease pathogen on southern Vancouver Island. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 89, 54-56.
* Miller DR, Heppner D (1999) Attraction of Pissodes affinis and P. fasciatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to pityol and a-pinene in a coastal stand of western white pine and Douglas-fir. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 99, 73-76.
* Witkosky JJ (1989) Root beetles, stand disturbance, and management of black-stain root disease in plantations of Douglas fir. In Insects affecting reforestation: biology and damage (eds Alfaro R & Glover SG), p. 58-70. Forestry Canada, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, British Columbia (Canada).
* Witkosky JJ, Hansen EM (1985) Root-colonizing insects recovered from Douglas-fir in various stages of decline due to black-stain root disease. Phytopathology 75, 399-402.
* Wikosky JJ, Schowalter TD, Hansen EM (1986) The influence of time of precommercial thinning on the colonization of Douglas-fir by three species of root-colonizing insects. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16, 745-749.
* Witkosky JJ, Schowalter TD, Hansen EM (1986) Hylastes nigrinus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), Pissodes fasciatus and Steremnius carinatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) as vectors of black-stain root disease of Douglas-fir. Environmental Entomology 15, 1090-1095.
* Brunet B, Sperling FAH (2013) Identification and ecological characterisation of Choristoneura occidentalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) populations in southwestern Alberta, Canada. Canadian Entomologist 145, 521-528.
* Furniss RL, Carolin VM (1977) Western Forest Insects. USDA , Forest Service Miscellaneous Publication no. 1339, 654 pp.
* Nealis V (2005) Diapause and voltinism in western and 2-year cycle spruce budworms (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and their hybrid progeny. The Canadian Entomologist 137, 584-597.
* Freeman MB, Labarge A, Tobin PC (2020) Phenology of Douglas-Fir Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Its Role in Douglas-Fir Mortality in Western Washington. Environmental Entomology, 49(1), 246–254, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvz146
* Choi D, Harrington TC, Shaw DC, Stewart JE, Klopfenstein NB, Kroese DR, Kim MS (2023) Phylogenetic analyses allow species-level recognition of Leptographium wageneri varieties that cause black stain root disease of conifers in western North America. Frontiers in Plant Science 14, 1286157.
* Harrington TC, Cobb FW (1984) Host specialization of three morphological variants of Verticicladiella wageneri. Phytopathology 74, 286-290.
------- in experiments L. wageneri var. wageneri and var. ponderosum
* Webber JF, Hansen EM (1990) Susceptibility of European and N.W. American conifers to the North American vascular pathogen Leptographium wageneri. European Journal of Forest Pathology 20, 347-354.
-------L. wagneri var pseudostugae
* Choi D, Harrington TC, Shaw DC, Stewart JE, Klopfenstein NB, Kroese DR, Kim MS (2023) Phylogenetic analyses allow species-level recognition of Leptographium wageneri varieties that cause black stain root disease of conifers in western North America. Frontiers in Plant Science 14, 1286157.
* Webber JF, Hansen EM (1990) Susceptibility of European and N.W. American conifers to the North American vascular pathogen Leptographium wageneri. European Journal of Forest Pathology 20, 347-354.
-------L. wagneri var pseudostugae
* Hansen EM (1995) Douglas-Fir Tussock Moth (Orgyia pseudotsugata McDunnough) on Subalpine Fir in Northern Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 515(2), 158-163.
* Sugden BA (1957) A brief history of outbreaks of the Douglas-fir tussock moth, Hemerocampa pseudotsugata McD., in British Columbia. Entomological Society of British Columbia, Proceedings 54, 37-39.
