EPPO Global Database

Citrus bark cracking viroid(CBCVD0)

Hosts

Important note about the classification of host plants in GD:
Categories have been assigned by the EPPO Secretariat on the basis of available data at the time of entry. They correspond to a qualitative evaluation of the importance of the host plant for the pest concerned and remain indicative only.
Further explanation of categories is available in the guide.
Organism Type
Citroncirus webberi (CJCWE) Major host
* Murcia N, Hashemian SB, Serra P, Pina JA, Durán-Vila N (2015) Citrus viroids: Symptom expression and performance of Washington navel sweet orange trees grafted on Carrizo citrange. Plant Disease 99(1), 125-136.
------- In Spain. As Citrus sinensis × Citrus trifoliata.
Citrus medica (CIDME) Major host
* Duran-Vila N, Roistacher CN, Rivera-Bustamante R, Semancik JS (1988) A definition of citrus viroid groups and their relationship to the exocortis disease. Journal of General Virology 69(12), 3069-3080.
------- In Spain (Valencia) and USA (California).

* Puchta H, Ramm K, Luckinger R, Hadas R, Bar-Joseph M, Snger HL (1991) Primary and secondary structure of citrus viroid IV (CVd IV), a new chimeric viroid present in dwarfed grapefruit in Israel. Nucleic Acids Research 19(23), 6640.
------- In Israel.
Citrus reticulata (CIDRE) Major host
* Al-Harthi SA, Al-Sadi AM, Al-Saady AA (2013) Potential of citrus budlings originating in the Middle East as sources of citrus viroids. Crop Protection 48, 13-15.
------- In Egypt.

* Al-Harthi SA, Al-Sadi AM, Al-Saady AA (2013) Potential of citrus budlings originating in the Middle East as sources of citrus viroids. Crop Protection 48, 13-15.
------- In Syria.

"* Cao MJ, Liu YQ, Wang XF, Yang FY, Zhou CY (2010) First report of Citrus bark cracking viroid and Citrus viroid V infecting citrus in China. Plant Disease 94(7), 922-922.
------- In (China, Chongqing municipality, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, and Yunnan provinces).

* Cook G, van Vuuren SP, Breytenbach JHJ, Manicom BQ (2012) Citrus Viroid IV detected in Citrus sinensis and C. reticulata in South Africa. Plant Disease 96(5), 772-772.
------- In South Africa.

* Mohamed ME, Hashemian SB, Dafalla G, Bové JM, Duran-Vila N (2009) Occurrence and identification of citrus viroids from Sudan. Journal of Plant Pathology 91, 185-190.
------- In Sudan (Khartoum area and Kassala area).
Citrus trifoliata (PMITR) Major host
* Vernière C, Perrier X, Dubois C, Dubois A, Botella L, Chabrier C, Bové JM, Duran-Vila N (2006) Interactions between citrus viroids affect symptom expression and field performance of clementine trees grafted on trifoliate orange. Phytopathology 96(4), 356-368.
------- In Spain.
Citrus x aurantiifolia (CIDAF) Major host
* Al-Harthi SA, Al-Sadi AM, Al-Saady AA (2013) Potential of citrus budlings originating in the Middle East as sources of citrus viroids. Crop Protection 48, 13-15.
------- In Lebanon and Oman (A'Seeb and Muscat).
Citrus x aurantium (CIDAU) Major host
* Al-Harthi SA, Al-Sadi AM, Al-Saady AA (2013) Potential of citrus budlings originating in the Middle East as sources of citrus viroids. Crop Protection 48, 13-15.
------- In Lebanon and Oman (A'Seeb and Muscat).

* Malfitano M, Barone M, Duran-Vila N, Alioto D (2005) Indexing of viroids in citrus orchards of Campania, Southern Italy. Journal of Plant Pathology 87, 115-121.
------- In Italy (Campania).
Citrus x aurantium var. paradisi (CIDPA) Major host
* Al-Harthi SA, Al-Sadi AM, Al-Saady AA (2013) Potential of citrus budlings originating in the Middle East as sources of citrus viroids. Crop Protection 48, 13-15.
------- In Syria.

* Hashemian SB, Taheri H, Alian YM, Bové JM, Durán-Vila N (2013) Complex mixtures of viroids identified in the two main citrus growing areas of Iran. Journal of Plant Pathology 95, 647-654.
------- In Iran (Caspian Sea).

* Mohamed ME, Hashemian SB, Dafalla G, Bové JM, Duran-Vila N (2009) Occurrence and identification of citrus viroids from Sudan. Journal of Plant Pathology 91, 185-190.
------- In Sudan (Khartoum area and Kassala area).

* Velázquez K, Soto M, Pérez R, Pérez JM, Rodríguez D, Duran-Vila N (2002) Biological and molecular characterization of two isolates of citrus viroids recovered from Cuban plantations. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Organization of Citrus Virologists Conference 15(15), 258-263.
------- In Cuba.
Citrus x aurantium var. sinensis (CIDSI) Major host
* Al-Harthi SA, Al-Sadi AM, Al-Saady AA (2013) Potential of citrus budlings originating in the Middle East as sources of citrus viroids. Crop Protection 48, 13-15.
------- In Egypt and Syria.

* Cao MJ, Liu YQ, Wang XF, Yang FY, Zhou CY (2010) First report of Citrus bark cracking viroid and Citrus viroid V infecting citrus in China. Plant Disease 94(7), 922-922.
------- In China (Chongqing municipality, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, and Yunnan provinces).

* Cook G, van Vuuren SP, Breytenbach JHJ, Manicom BQ (2012) Citrus Viroid IV detected in Citrus sinensis and C. reticulata in South Africa. Plant Disease 96(5), 772-772.
------- In South Africa.

* Hashemian SB, Taheri H, Alian YM, Bové JM, Durán-Vila N (2013) Complex mixtures of viroids identified in the two main citrus growing areas of Iran. Journal of Plant Pathology 95, 647-654.
------- In Iran (Caspian Sea and Southern region).

* Kunta M, Da Graca JV, Skaria M (2007) Molecular detection and prevalence of citrus viroids in Texas. HortScience 42(3), 600-604.
------- In USA (Texas A&M University–Kingsville Citrus Center).

* Malfitano M, Barone M, Duran-Vila N, Alioto D (2005) Indexing of viroids in citrus orchards of Campania, Southern Italy. Journal of Plant Pathology 87, 115-121.
------- In Italy (Campania).

* Mohamed ME, Hashemian SB, Dafalla G, Bové JM, Duran-Vila N (2009) Occurrence and identification of citrus viroids from Sudan. Journal of Plant Pathology 91, 185-190.
------- In Sudan (Khartoum area and Kassala area).

* Wang J, Boubourakas IN, Voloudakis AE, Agorastou T, Magripis G, Rucker TL, Kyriakopoulou PE, Vedalakis G (2013) Identification and characterization of known and novel viroid variants in the Greek national citrus germplasm collection: threats to the industry. European Journal of Plant Pathology 137(1), 17-27.
------- In Greece.
Citrus x latifolia (CIDLA) Major host
* Al-Harthi SA, Al-Sadi AM, Al-Saady AA (2013) Potential of citrus budlings originating in the Middle East as sources of citrus viroids. Crop Protection 48, 13-15.
------- In Lebanon and Oman (A'Seeb and Muscat).

* Katsarou K, Chiumenti M, Kalantidis K, Mathioudakis MM (2020) First report of citrus viroids infecting Persian (Tahiti) lime in Greece. Plant Disease 104(3), p 998.
------- On Citrus latifolia in Chania prefecture (Crete).
Citrus x limon (CIDLI) Major host
* Al-Harthi SA, Al-Sadi AM, Al-Saady AA (2013) Potential of citrus budlings originating in the Middle East as sources of citrus viroids. Crop Protection 48, 13-15.
------- in Egypt, Lebanon and Syria.

* Hashemian SB, Taheri H, Alian YM, Bové JM, Durán-Vila N (2013) Complex mixtures of viroids identified in the two main citrus growing areas of Iran. Journal of Plant Pathology 95, 647-654.
------- In Iran (Caspian sea and Southern region).

* Ito T, Ieki H, Ozaki K, Iwanami T, Nakahara K, Hataya T, Ito T, Isaka M, Kano T (2002) Multiple citrus viroids in citrus from Japan and their ability to produce exocortis-like symptoms in citron. Phytopathology 92(5), 542-547.
------- In Japan.

* Malfitano M, Barone M, Duran-Vila N, Alioto D (2005) Indexing of viroids in citrus orchards of Campania, Southern Italy. Journal of Plant Pathology 87, 115-121.
------- In Italy (Campania).

* Wang J, Boubourakas IN, Voloudakis AE, Agorastou T, Magripis G, Rucker TL, Kyriakopoulou PE, Vedalakis G (2013) Identification and characterization of known and novel viroid variants in the Greek national citrus germplasm collection: threats to the industry. European Journal of Plant Pathology 137(1), 17-27.
------- In Greece (Poros Arboricultural Station).
Citrus x limon var. limettioides (CIDLT) Major host
* Al-Harthi SA, Al-Sadi AM, Al-Saady AA (2013) Potential of citrus budlings originating in the Middle East as sources of citrus viroids. Crop Protection 48, 13-15.
------- In Lebanon and Oman (A'Seeb and Muscat).
Citrus x limon var. meyerii (CIDMY) Major host
* Önelge N, Kersting U, Guang Y, Bar-Joseph M, Bozan Orhan (2000) Nucleotide sequences of citrus viroids CVd-IIIa and CVd-IV obtained from dwarfed Meyer lemon trees grafted on sour orange. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz 107, 387-391.
Humulus lupulus (HUMLU) Major host
* Jakse J, Radisek S, Pokorn T, Matousek J, Javornik B (2015) Deep-sequencing revealed Citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd) as a highly aggressive pathogen on hop. Plant Patholology, 64: 831–842. doi:10.1111/ppa.1232
------- Confirmed host. In Slovenia (Savinja Valley).
Citrus hybrids (CIDHX) Host
* Barbosa C, Pina JA, Navarro L, Duran-Vila N (2002) Replication/accumulation and symptom expression of citrus viroids on some species of citrus and related genera. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Organization of Citrus Virologists Conference 15(15), 264-271.
------- In experiments. As Microcitrus australis x Microcitrus australasica.

* Ito T, Ieki H, Ozaki K, Iwanami T, Nakahara K, Hataya T, Ito T, Isaka M, Kano T (2002) Multiple citrus viroids in citrus from Japan and their ability to produce exocortis-like symptoms in citron. Phytopathology 92(5), 542-547.
------- In Japan, on (Citrus reticulata × Citrus sinensis) × Citrus reticulata.

* Ito T, Ieki H, Ozaki K, Iwanami T, Nakahara K, Hataya T, Ito T, Isaka M, Kano T (2002) Multiple citrus viroids in citrus from Japan and their ability to produce exocortis-like symptoms in citron. Phytopathology 92(5), 542-547.
------- In Japan. As Citrus sinensis × Citrus reticulata.
Citrus sp. (CIDSS) Host
* Fisher L, Bennett S, Tennant P, Mc Laughlin W (2010) Detection of Citrus tristeza virus and citrus viroid species in Jamaica. In I International Symposium on Tropical Horticulture 894, 117-122.
------- In Jamaica.

* Garnsey SM, Zies DL, Irey M, Sieburth PJ, Semancik JS, Levy L, Hilf ME (2002) Practical field detection of citrus viroids in Florida by RT-PCR. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Organization of Citrus Virologists Conference 15(15), 219-229.
------- In USA (Florida).

* Lavagi I, Matoušek J, Vidalakis G (2017) Other cocadviroids. In Viroids and satellites (pp. 275-287). Academic Press.
------- In Australia.

* Najar A, Duran-Vila N (2004) Viroid prevalence in Tunisian citrus. Plant Disease 88(11), 1286-1286.
------- In Tunisia (Cap Bon).

* Wang Y, Atta S, Wang X, Yang F, Zhou C, Cao M (2018) Transcriptome sequencing reveals novel Citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd) variants from citrus and their molecular characterization. PLoS One 13(6), e0198022.
------- In Pakistan (Punjab province).
Citrus x tangelo (CIDRP) Host
* Hashemian SB, Taheri H, Alian YM, Bové JM, Durán-Vila N (2013) Complex mixtures of viroids identified in the two main citrus growing areas of Iran. Journal of Plant Pathology 95, 647-654.
------- In Iran (Caspian Sea).
Fortunella margarita (FOLMA) Host
* Al-Harthi SA, Al-Sadi AM, Al-Saady AA (2013) Potential of citrus budlings originating in the Middle East as sources of citrus viroids. Crop Protection 48, 13-15.
------- In Syria. As Citrus japonica var. margarita.
Pistacia vera (PIAVE) Host
* Al Rwahnih M, Rowhani A, Westrick N, Stevens K, Diaz-Lara A, Trouillas FP, Preece J, Kallsen C, Farrar K, Golino D (2018) Discovery of viruses and virus-like pathogens in pistachio using high-throughput sequencing. Plant Disease 102(7), 1419-1425.
------- In USA (Kern County, California).
Benincasa hispida (BNCHI) Experimental
* Puchta H, Ramm K, Luckinger R, Hadas R, Bar-Joseph M, Snger HL (1991) Primary and secondary structure of citrus viroid IV (CVd IV), a new chimeric viroid present in dwarfed grapefruit in Israel. Nucleic Acids Research 19(23), 6640.
Chrysanthemum x morifolium (CHYHO) Experimental
* Semancik JS, Vidalakis G (2005) The question of Citrus viroid IV as a Cocadviroid. Archives of Virology 150(6), 1059-1067.
------- As Chrysanthemum × morifolium,
Citrus warburgiana (CIDWA) Experimental
* Barbosa C, Pina JA, Navarro L, Duran-Vila N (2002) Replication/accumulation and symptom expression of citrus viroids on some species of citrus and related genera. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Organization of Citrus Virologists Conference 15(15), 264-271.
------- As Microcitrus warburgiana.
Cucumis sativus (CUMSA) Experimental
* Semancik JS, Vidalakis G (2005) The question of Citrus viroid IV as a Cocadviroid. Archives of Virology 150(6), 1059-1067.
Datura stramonium (DATST) Experimental
* Semancik JS, Vidalakis G (2005) The question of Citrus viroid IV as a Cocadviroid. Archives of Virology 150(6), 1059-1067.
Fortunella crassifolia (FOLCR) Experimental
* Barbosa C, Pina JA, Navarro L, Duran-Vila N (2002) Replication/accumulation and symptom expression of citrus viroids on some species of citrus and related genera. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Organization of Citrus Virologists Conference 15(15), 264-271.
Gynura aurantiaca (GYUAU) Experimental
* Semancik JS, Vidalakis G (2005) The question of Citrus viroid IV as a Cocadviroid. Archives of Virology 150(6), 1059-1067.
Nicotiana benthamiana (NIOBE) Experimental
* Matoušek J, Siglová K, Jakše J, Radišek S, Brass JRJ, Tsushima T, Guček T, Duraisamy GS, Sano T, Steger G (2017) Propagation and some physiological effects of Citrus bark cracking viroid and Apple fruit crinkle viroid in multiple infected hop (Humulus lupulus L.). Journal of Plant Physiology 213, 166-177.
Pistacia hybrids (PIAHY) Experimental
* Al Rwahnih M, Rowhani A, Westrick N, Stevens K, Diaz-Lara A, Trouillas FP, Preece J, Kallsen C, Farrar K, Golino D (2018) Discovery of viruses and virus-like pathogens in pistachio using high-throughput sequencing. Plant Disease 102(7), 1419-1425.
------- As Pistacia atlantica × Pistacia integerrima.
Pleiospermium sp. (QLISS) Experimental
* Barbosa C, Pina JA, Navarro L, Duran-Vila N (2002) Replication/accumulation and symptom expression of citrus viroids on some species of citrus and related genera. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Organization of Citrus Virologists Conference 15(15), 264-271.
Solanum dulcamara (SOLDU) Experimental
* Radišek S, Guček T, Leskošek G, Benko Beloglavec A, Jakše J & Javornik B (2017) Huda viroidna zakrnelost hmelja/Severe hop stunt disease. Žalec: Inštitut za hmeljarstvo in pivovarstvo Slovenije, Žalec (SI), ISBN 978-961-93322-2-1. http://www.ihps.si/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Huda-viroidna-zakrnelost-hmelja-2017.compressed.pdf
Solanum lycopersicum (LYPES) Experimental
* Semancik JS, Vidalakis G (2005) The question of Citrus viroid IV as a Cocadviroid. Archives of Virology 150(6), 1059-1067.
Solanum melongena (SOLME) Experimental
* Semancik JS, Vidalakis G (2005) The question of Citrus viroid IV as a Cocadviroid. Archives of Virology 150(6), 1059-1067.