Ralstonia solanacearum(RALSSL)
Distribution details in Netherlands
Current pest situation evaluated by EPPO on the basis of information dated
2022: Transient
First recorded in: 1992
Pest status declared by NPPO: Present: transient, actionable, incidental findings (in potato production chain); Present: in natural environment (surface water) (2023-07)
First recorded in: 1992
Pest status declared by NPPO: Present: transient, actionable, incidental findings (in potato production chain); Present: in natural environment (surface water) (2023-07)
Under official control.
EPPO Reporting Service (1993/70) : first finding in 1989; infected tubers found in late 1992 in lots from Reusel (BE) and Leveroy (near Belgian border). Intensive surveys set up. Under eradication.
EPPO Reporting Service (1996/01) : race 3 confirmed on potatoes in 1995-10, on 38 farms (200 ha of affected farms, 100 of seed potatoes, 100 of ware potatoes), in different parts of the country. No connection with earlier report (see above). Relationships mainly clonal, though perhaps mechanical spread in some cases. Strict eradication and containment measures taken.
EPPO Reporting Service (1996/182) : figures for 1995 finally 94 farms found infested, of which 54 producing seed potatoes. Contaminated surface water found in one area in 1995, and in several places in early 1996. Intensive tests done on 1996 seed-potato harvest. By 1996-09, only one infested farm found. Brown rot is under active eradication, but in 1996 its status can still be regarded as "locally distributed".
EPPO Reporting Service (1997/24) : 58000 samples taken in 1996 from 3100 seed-potato farms. Infections found on nine farms only, with only one cultivar infected. Also found on 5 ware potato-growing farms. Farms found infested in 1995 and only allowed to grow ware potatoes in 1996 were all tested and found free.
EPPO Reporting Service (1997/111) : surveys of waterways and Solanum dulcamara started in 1996. Several (30) contaminated areas were found, delimited and regulated. Research programme on survival of the bacterium undertaken.
EPPO Reporting Service (1997/205) : as of 1st October, 31000 samples tested in 1997. Only 1 ware potato-growing farm found infested. A total of about 70000 samples will finally have been tested.
EPPO Reporting Service (2001/188) : 29 places of production were found infested in 2000 (43 in 1999). Number of findings is decreasing (now less than 0.05% of positive samples). Samples of Solanum dulcamara and water were taken from areas already known to be infested: 10.5% of water samples and 9.3% of weed samples were found infested. On this basis, 32 areas have been defined as "risk areas" in NL (use of surface water prohibited for irrigation).
EPPO Reporting Service (2003/014) : in 2001, 15 places of production found infested, including 11 with seed potatoes. Also found in water samples and Solanum dulcamara.
EPPO Reporting Service (2004/155) : recalls that R. solanacearum was found on pelargonium in the Netherlands in the early 2000s (on imported material).
EPPO Reporting Service (2016/136) : race 3 detected in aubergine (Solanum melongena) in a glasshouse located in Westland (province of South Holland). Under eradication.
EPPO Reporting Service (1993/70) : first finding in 1989; infected tubers found in late 1992 in lots from Reusel (BE) and Leveroy (near Belgian border). Intensive surveys set up. Under eradication.
EPPO Reporting Service (1996/01) : race 3 confirmed on potatoes in 1995-10, on 38 farms (200 ha of affected farms, 100 of seed potatoes, 100 of ware potatoes), in different parts of the country. No connection with earlier report (see above). Relationships mainly clonal, though perhaps mechanical spread in some cases. Strict eradication and containment measures taken.
EPPO Reporting Service (1996/182) : figures for 1995 finally 94 farms found infested, of which 54 producing seed potatoes. Contaminated surface water found in one area in 1995, and in several places in early 1996. Intensive tests done on 1996 seed-potato harvest. By 1996-09, only one infested farm found. Brown rot is under active eradication, but in 1996 its status can still be regarded as "locally distributed".
EPPO Reporting Service (1997/24) : 58000 samples taken in 1996 from 3100 seed-potato farms. Infections found on nine farms only, with only one cultivar infected. Also found on 5 ware potato-growing farms. Farms found infested in 1995 and only allowed to grow ware potatoes in 1996 were all tested and found free.
EPPO Reporting Service (1997/111) : surveys of waterways and Solanum dulcamara started in 1996. Several (30) contaminated areas were found, delimited and regulated. Research programme on survival of the bacterium undertaken.
EPPO Reporting Service (1997/205) : as of 1st October, 31000 samples tested in 1997. Only 1 ware potato-growing farm found infested. A total of about 70000 samples will finally have been tested.
EPPO Reporting Service (2001/188) : 29 places of production were found infested in 2000 (43 in 1999). Number of findings is decreasing (now less than 0.05% of positive samples). Samples of Solanum dulcamara and water were taken from areas already known to be infested: 10.5% of water samples and 9.3% of weed samples were found infested. On this basis, 32 areas have been defined as "risk areas" in NL (use of surface water prohibited for irrigation).
EPPO Reporting Service (2003/014) : in 2001, 15 places of production found infested, including 11 with seed potatoes. Also found in water samples and Solanum dulcamara.
EPPO Reporting Service (2004/155) : recalls that R. solanacearum was found on pelargonium in the Netherlands in the early 2000s (on imported material).
EPPO Reporting Service (2016/136) : race 3 detected in aubergine (Solanum melongena) in a glasshouse located in Westland (province of South Holland). Under eradication.
* Cellier G, Remenant B, Chiroleu F, Lefeuvre P, Prior P (2012) Phylogeny and Population Structure of Brown Rot- and Moko Disease-Causing Strains of Ralstonia solanacearum Phylotype II. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, 2367-2375 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.06123-1
------ Reference isolates obtained from potato in 1995 and 2004 were confirmed as R. solanacearum [phylotype IIB-1].
* Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety (European Commission) (2017) Potato ring rot and brown rot surveys in the EU: Annual report 2016/2017. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union
------- In annual surveys from 1995-2016, R. solanacearum [phylotype IIB-1] was detected in 341 lots of ware potato (40 lots in 1995, 7 in 1996, 32 in 1997, 130 in 1998, 73 in 1999, 15 in 2000, 11 in 2001, 11 in 2002, 4 in 2003, 4 in 2006, 1 in 2009, 1 in 2010 and 4 in 20011) and in 165 lots of seed potato (52 lots in 1995, 8 in 1996, 30 in 1997, 2 in 1998, 26 in 1999, 13 in 2000, 11 in 2001, 6 in 2002, 3 in 2003, 1 in 2004, 1 in 2005, 2 in 2007, 1 in 2008, 1 in 2009 and 8 in 2016). There were findings in all years with the exceptions of 2012-2015. Official eradication measures were taken. R. solanacearum was also detected in 24 of 1310 samples of surface water in 2015.
* Janse JD (1996) Potato brown rot in western Europe – history, present occurrence and some remarks on possible origin, epidemiology and control strategies. EPPO Bulletin 26, 679-695
* Janse JD (2012) Review on brown rot (Ralstonia solanacearum race 3, biovar 2, phylotype IIB) epidemiology and control in the Netherlands since 1995: a success story of integrated pest management. Journal of Plant Pathology 94(2), 257-272.
* NPPO of the Netherlands (2016-07, 2017-06, 2018-04, 2022-07, 2023-07).
* NPPO of the Netherlands - Pest status of harmful organisms in the Netherlands (Fytosignalering covering 2007, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015).
------- Pest status is based on long term integral testing of seed potatoes and annual surveys of surface water and host plants (216 survey observations made in 2013).
* Wenneker M, Verdel M, Groeneveld R, Kempenaar C, van Beuningen AR, Janse JD (1999) Ralstonia (Pseudomonas) solanacearum Race 3 (Biovar 2) in surface water and natural weed hosts: first report on stinging nettle (Urtica dioica). European Journal of Plant Pathology 105, 307–315.
------ Reference isolates obtained from potato in 1995 and 2004 were confirmed as R. solanacearum [phylotype IIB-1].
* Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety (European Commission) (2017) Potato ring rot and brown rot surveys in the EU: Annual report 2016/2017. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union
------- In annual surveys from 1995-2016, R. solanacearum [phylotype IIB-1] was detected in 341 lots of ware potato (40 lots in 1995, 7 in 1996, 32 in 1997, 130 in 1998, 73 in 1999, 15 in 2000, 11 in 2001, 11 in 2002, 4 in 2003, 4 in 2006, 1 in 2009, 1 in 2010 and 4 in 20011) and in 165 lots of seed potato (52 lots in 1995, 8 in 1996, 30 in 1997, 2 in 1998, 26 in 1999, 13 in 2000, 11 in 2001, 6 in 2002, 3 in 2003, 1 in 2004, 1 in 2005, 2 in 2007, 1 in 2008, 1 in 2009 and 8 in 2016). There were findings in all years with the exceptions of 2012-2015. Official eradication measures were taken. R. solanacearum was also detected in 24 of 1310 samples of surface water in 2015.
* Janse JD (1996) Potato brown rot in western Europe – history, present occurrence and some remarks on possible origin, epidemiology and control strategies. EPPO Bulletin 26, 679-695
* Janse JD (2012) Review on brown rot (Ralstonia solanacearum race 3, biovar 2, phylotype IIB) epidemiology and control in the Netherlands since 1995: a success story of integrated pest management. Journal of Plant Pathology 94(2), 257-272.
* NPPO of the Netherlands (2016-07, 2017-06, 2018-04, 2022-07, 2023-07).
* NPPO of the Netherlands - Pest status of harmful organisms in the Netherlands (Fytosignalering covering 2007, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015).
------- Pest status is based on long term integral testing of seed potatoes and annual surveys of surface water and host plants (216 survey observations made in 2013).
* Wenneker M, Verdel M, Groeneveld R, Kempenaar C, van Beuningen AR, Janse JD (1999) Ralstonia (Pseudomonas) solanacearum Race 3 (Biovar 2) in surface water and natural weed hosts: first report on stinging nettle (Urtica dioica). European Journal of Plant Pathology 105, 307–315.
| Country | State | Status | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Present, few occurrences | ||
| Germany | Present, few occurrences |