EPPO Global Database

Punica granatum(PUNGR)

Pests

Organism Type
'Candidatus Phytoplasma phoenicium' (PHYPPH) Doubtful host
* Çaglayan K, Gazel M, Acioglu M, Deniz Kocabag H, Sipahioglu HK (2019) Molecular identification of phytoplasmas in ornamental pomegranates in Turkey. Phytopathogenic Mollicutes 9, 3-4.
-------  phytoplasmas in group 16SrIX .
Aleurocanthus spiniferus (ALECSN) Host
* Cioffi M, Cornara D, Corrado I, Jansen MGM & Porcelli F (2013) The status of Aleurocanthus spiniferus from its unwanted introduction in Italy to date. Bulletin of Insectology 66, 273-281.

* Nugnes F, Laudonia S, Jesu G, Jansen MGM, Bernardo U, Porcelli F (2020) Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in some European countries: diffusion, hosts, molecular characterization, and natural enemies. Insects 11(1), 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11010042
------- Confirmed host.
Aleurocanthus woglumi (ALECWO) Host
* Dubey AK, Ko CC (2012) Sexual dimorphism among species of Aleurocanthus Quaintance & Baker (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Taiwan, with one new species and an identification key. Zootaxa 3177, 1–23.

* Shaw JG (1950) Hosts of the citrus blackfly in Mexico. United States Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine. E-793, 3 pp.
Aleurodicus dispersus (ALEDDI) Host
* Boopathi T (2022) New host plants, natural enemy complex and newly distributed potential areas of exotic spiralling whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in India. Phytoparasitica 50(2), 335-357.
Anastrepha fraterculus (ANSTFR) Host
* Nasca AJ, Zamora JA, Vergara LE, Jaldo HE (1996) Hospederos de moscas de los frutos en el Valle de Antinaco-Los Colorados, Provincia de La Rioja, República Argentina. Revista de Investigación 10, 19–24.

* Putruele MTG (1996) Hosts for Ceratitis capitata and Anastrepha fraterculus in the northeastern Province of Entre Ríos, Argentina. In Fruit Fly Pests: A World Assessment of Their Biology and Management, BA McPheron & GJ Steck (Eds.), pp. 343–345. St. Lucie Press, Delray Beach, FL.

* Raga A, Souza-Filho MFD, Machado RA, Sato ME, Siloto RC (2011) Host ranges and infestation indices of fruit flies (Tephritidae) and lance flies (Lonchaeidae) in São Paulo State, Brazil. Florida Entomologist 94, 787–794.

* Wille TJE (1952) Entomología Agrícola del Perú. Dirección General de Agricultura, Lima, 543 pp.
Anastrepha ludens (ANSTLU) Host
* Baker AC, Stone WE, Plummer CC, McPhail M (1944) A review of studies on the Mexican fruitfly and related Mexican species. USDA Miscellaneous Publications, 155 pp.

* McPhail M, Bliss I (1933) Observations of the Mexican fruitfly and some related species in Cuernavaca, Mexico, in 1928 and 1929. USDA Circular 255, 1-24.

* Vanoye-Eligio V, Mora-Olivo A, Gaona-García G, Reyes-Zepeda F, Rocandio-Rodríguez M (2017) Mexican fruit fly populations in the semi-arid highlands of the Sierra Madre Oriental in Northeastern Mexico. Neotropical Entomology 46(4), 380-387.
Anastrepha suspensa (ANSTSU) Host
* Swanson RW, Baranowski RM (1972) Host range and infestation by the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae), in south Florida. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 271-273.
Anoplophora chinensis (ANOLCN) Host
* Lim J, Jung S-Y, Lim J-S, Jang J, Kim K-M, Lee Y-M, Lee B-W (2014) A review of host plants of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea) with new host records for fourteen Cerambycids, including the Asian longhorn beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky), in Korea. Korean Journal of Applied Entomology 53(2), 111-133.
Aonidiella orientalis (AONDOR) Host
* Ben-Dov Y (2012) The scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of Israel-checklist, host plants, zoogeographical considerations and annotations on species. Israel Journal of Entomology. 41(42), 21-48.
Apriona germari (APRIGE) Host
* Lim J, Jung S-Y, Lim J-S, Jang J, Kim K-M, Lee Y-M, Lee B-W (2014) A review of host plants of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea) with new host records for fourteen Cerambycids, including the Asian longhorn beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky), in Korea. Korean Journal of Applied Entomology 53(2), 111-133.
Bactrocera carambolae (BCTRCB) Host
* Allwood AJ, Chinajariyawong A, Drew RAI., Hamacek EL., Hancock DL., Hengsawad C, Jipanin JC, Jirasurat M, Kong Krong C, Kritsaneepaiboon S, Leong CTS, Vijaysegaran S (1999) Host plant records for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in South East Asia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology suppl 7, 1-92.

* Liquido NJ, McQuate GT, Nakamichi KA, Kurashima RS, Birnbaum AL, Hanlin MA (2016) Provisional list of suitable host plants of carambola fruit fly, Bactrocera (Bactrocera) carambolae Drew & Hancock (Diptera: Tephritidae), Version 1.1. Available online at USDA Compendium of Fruit Fly Host Information (CoFFHI).
Bactrocera dorsalis (DACUDO) Host
* Allwood AJ, Chinajariyawong A, Kritsaneepaiboon S, Drew RAI, Hamacek EL, Hancock DL, Hengsawad C, Jinapin JC, Jirasurat M, Krong CK, Leong CTS, Vijaysegaran S (1999) Host plant records for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Southeast Asia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 47(7), 1-92.

* He Y, Xu Y, Chen X (2023) Biology, ecology and management of Tephritid fruit flies in China: A review. Insects 14, 196. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14020196
Bactrocera kandiensis (BCTRKA) Host
* Tsuruta K, White IM, Bandara HMJ, Rajapakse H, Sundaraperuma SAH, Kahawatta SBMUC, Rajapakse GBJP (1997) A preliminary notes on the host-plants of fruit flies of the tribe Dacini (Diptera, Tephritidae) in Sri Lanka. Esakia 37, 149-160.
Bactrocera passiflorae (BCTRPA) Host
* Leblanc L (2022) The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 0948, 1-167. https://journals.flvc.org/mundi/article/view/131965/135549.
Bactrocera tryoni (DACUTR) Host
* Hancock D, Hamacek EL, Lloyd AC, Elson-Harris MM (2000) The distribution and host plants of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Australia. Queensland Department of Primary Industries, 75 pp.

* Leblanc L, Vueti ET, Drew AI, Allwood AJ (2012) Host plant records for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) in the Pacific islands. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Society 44, 11-53.
Bactrocera zonata (DACUZO) Host
* Allwood AL, Chinajariyawong A, Drew RAI, Hamacek EL, Hancock DL, Hengsawad C,  Jipanin JC, Jirasurat M, Kong Krong C, Kritsaneepaiboon S, Leong CTS, Vijaysegaran S (1999) Host plant records for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Southeast Asia.  Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement, 7, 1-92.
Brevipalpus yothersi (BRVPYO) Host
* Beard JJ, Ochoa R, Braswell WE, Bauchan GR (2015) Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) species complex (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) – a closer look. Zootaxa 3944(1), 67 pp. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3944.1.1
Cacoecimorpha pronubana (TORTPR) Host
* Vasilyeva EA (1982) Carnation leafroller - a dangerous pest of pomegranate and ornamental plants. Trudy Gos. Nikit. Bot. Sada 87, 54-62 (in Russian).
'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali' (PHYPMA) Host
*Çağlayan K, Kocabağ D, Gazel M, Sipahioğlu HM (2022) Detection and characterization of diverse phytoplasmas in ornamental and cultivated pomegranate species in Turkey. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 121, 101891.
'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' (PHYPSO) Host
* Gazel M, Çağlayan K, Bașpınar H, Mejia JF, Paltrinieri S, Bertaccini A, Contaldo N (2015) Detection and identification of phytoplasmas in pomegranate trees with yellows symptoms. Journal of Phytopathology 164, 136-140.
Carposina sasakii (CARSSA) Host
* Wang DX, Lou Z, Li P, Gao ZH (2002) The main diseases and pests of pomegranate in Huaiyuan area and their control. China Fruits, no. 1, 36-38. In: Review of Agricultural Entomology 91(2), February 2003, abst. 1486, p 232.
Ceratitis capitata (CERTCA) Host
* Khaldi M, Barech G, Bendjedou H, Aouari I (2021) First detection and infestation levels of the invasive fruit fly Zaprionus indianus Gupta, 1970 (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in pomegranate orchards from Algeria. African Entomology, 29(1), 173-179.
------- confirmed host.

* Liquido NJ, McQuate GT, Hanlin MA, Suiter KA (2020) Host plants of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), Version 4.0. Available online at: USDA Compendium of Fruit Fly Host Information (CoFFHI), https://coffhi.cphst.org/
Ceroplastes ceriferus (CERPCE) Host
* Ismailova G (2022) Фитофаги шелковицы в условиях Азербайджана [Mulberry Pests in Azerbaijan Conditions]. Bulletin of Science and Practice 8(10), 54-67..
Colletotrichum fructicola (COLLFC) Host
* Hu Y, Luo X, Xu Z, Zhang L, Wang Y, Cui R, Kuang W, Xia Y, Ma J. (2023) First Report of Colletotrichum fructicola Causing Anthracnose on Punica granatum in China. Plant Disease https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-22-2206-SR
Cryptoblabes gnidiella (CRYBGN) Host
* Öztürk N, Ulusoy MR (2011) Determination of hosts of honeydew moth [Cryptoblabes gnidiella Mill., 1867 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)] and damage ratio on pomegranate fruits in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Bitki Koruma Bülteni 51(3), 231-238 (in Turkish).
Dichocrocis punctiferalis (DICHPU) Host
Erthesina fullo (ERTNFU) Host
* Mi Q, Zhang J, Gould E, Chen J, Sun Z, Zhang F (2020) Biology, ecology, and management of Erthesina fullo (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae): A review. Insects 11, 346. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11060346
Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (EURHBR) Host
* García Morales M, Denno BD, Miller DR, Miller GL, Ben-Dov Y, Hardy NB (2016) ScaleNet: A literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. doi 10.1093/database/bav118. http://scalenet.info
------- citing original references

* Soria SJ, Gallotti BJ (1986) O margarodes da videira Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Homoptera: Margarodidae): biologia, ecologia e controle no Sul do Brasil. Embrapa, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, Brazil. CNPUV Circular Técnica 13. 22 pp.
Eutypa lata (EUTYLA) Host
* Sosnowski MR, Dinh SQ, Sandow MJ (2020) First report of Eutypa lata causing dieback and wood canker of pomegranate (Punica granatum) in Australia. Plant Disease 104(2), 568. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-19-1912-PDN
------- confirmed host.
Gymnandrosoma aurantianum (ECDYAU) Host
* Adamski D & Brown JW (2001) Systematic revision of the Ecdytolopha group of genera (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Grapholitini) in the New World. Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement, 58, 86 pp.
------- confirmed host.
Helopeltis antonii (HELOAN) Host
Hop stunt viroid (HSVD00) Host
* Gazel M, Caglayan K, Ulubas Serce C, Durgac C (2009) Detection of hop stunt viroid in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) trees in the East Mediterranean region of Turkey. Acta Horticulturae no. 818, 273-276.
Lopholeucaspis japonica (LOPLJA) Host
* Mallikarjun Mahadevappa Harsur, Sunil Joshi, Ram Krishna Pal (2018) Pomegranate: a new host for the invasive scale insect Lopholeucaspis japonica (Cockerell, 1897) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) from Gujarat, India. Oriental Insects. DOI: 10.1080/00305316.2018.1451783

* Harsur MM, Joshi S & Pal RN (2018) Pomegranate: a new host for the invasive scale insect Lopholeucaspis japonica (Cockerell, 1897) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) from Gujarat, India. Oriental Insects 53(1), 104-111 https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2018.1451783
Lycorma delicatula (LYCMDE) Host
* Barringer L, Ciafré CM (2020) Worldwide feeding host plants of spotted lanternfly, with significant additions from North America. Environmental Entomology 49(5), 999–1011.
Maconellicoccus hirsutus (PHENHI) Host
* Martins dos S. D, Fornazier MJ, Peronti ALBG, Culik MP, Souza CAS, Taques RC, Zanuncio Jr JS, Queiroz RB (2019) Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Brazil: recent spread, natural enemies, and new hosts. Florida Entomologist 102(2), 438-443.  https://doi.org/10.1653/024.102.0225
------- Confirmed host in Brazil.
Neopestalotiopsis rosae (NPESRS) Host
* Xavier KV, Yu X, Vallad GE (2021) First Report of Neopestalotiopsis rosae causing foliar and fruit spots on pomegranate in Florida. Plant Disease 105(2), 504. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-20-1282-PDN
Nepovirus lycopersici (TORSV0) Host
* NPPO of Italy. https://gd.eppo.int/reporting/article-5141
Oemona hirta (OEMOHI) Host
* Dye MH (1950) Studies on the Anatomy and Biology of Oemona hirta Fabricius (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Unpublished M.Sc thesis. Auckland University College (2 volumes).
Oligonychus mangiferus (OLIGMA) Host
* Bolland HR, Gutierrez J, Flechtmann CH (1988) World catalogue of the spider mite family (Acari: Tetranychidae). Brill, 392 pp.

* Mendonça RS, Navia D, Diniz IR, Flechtmann CHW (2011) South American spider mites: New hosts and localities. Journal of Insect Science 11, 121. https://doi.org/10.1673/031.011.12101

* Zaher MA, Shehata KK (1971) Biology of the red spider mite, Oligonychus mangiferus (R. & S.) (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique d'Egypte (1971, pub. 1972), 55, 393-401.
Orgyia leucostigma (HEMELE) Host
* Heppner JB (2003) Lepidoptera of Florida. Part 1. Introduction and catalog. Volume 17 of Arthropods of Florida and neighboring land areas. Division of Plant Industry. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. Gainesville, Florida. 670 pp
Pantoea ananatis (ERWIAN) Host
* Chathalingath N, Gunasekar A (2023) First report of Pantoea ananatis causing leaf blight disease of pomegranate in India. New Disease Reports 48(2), e12233. https://doi.org/10.1002/ndr2.12233
Paraleyrodes minei (PARYMI) Host
* Sundararaj R, Krishnan S, Sumalatha BV (2021) Invasion and expansion of exotic whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in India and their economic importance. Phytoparasitica 49(5), 851-863.
Parasaissetia nigra (SAISNI) Host
Phenacoccus solenopsis (PHENSO) Host
Phymatotrichopsis omnivora (PHMPOM) Host
* Anonymous (1960) Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. Agriculture Handbook no 165, USDA-ARS (US) 531 pp.
Planococcus lilacinus (PLANLI) Host
* Sirisena UG, Watson GW, Hemachandra KS, Wijayagunasekara HN (2013) Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) species on economically important fruit crops in Sri Lanka. Tropical Agricultural Research 25(1), 69-82.
Pochazia shantungensis (POCZSH) Host
* Hızal E, Öztemiz S, Gjonov I (2023) Phenology and host preferences of the invasive Pochazia shantungensis (Chou & Lu, 1977) (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae), a risk for agriculture and forest areas in the West-Palaearctic Region. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 75(2), 251-258. https://www.acta-zoologica-bulgarica.eu/2023/002673
Pseudococcus comstocki (PSECCO) Host
Ripersiella hibisci (RHIOHI) Host
* Malumphy C, Robinson J (2004) Interception records of Rhizoecus hibisci Kawai & Takagi (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae, Rhizoecina) in England and Wales, with a revised key to the Rhizoecus species recorded in Britain. Entomologists' Gazette 55, 121-126.
------- new host.
Scirtothrips aurantii (SCITAU) Host
* Rafter MA, Hereward JP, Walter GH (2013) Species limits, quarantine risk and the intrigue of a polyphagous invasive pest with highly restricted host relationships in its area of invasion. Evolutionary Applications, 6, 1195-1207.
Scirtothrips dorsalis (SCITDO) Host
* Sreerama Kumar P,  Rachana RR (2021) Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a pest of celery, Apium graveolens (Apiales: Apiaceae): first report and diagnostic characters. Journal of Integrated Pest Management 12(1), 46. https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmab039
------- Confirmed host.
Thrips hawaiiensis (THRIHA) Host
Xylosandrus compactus (XYLSCO) Host
* Riba-Flinch JM, Bedós M (2023) Datos sobre la expansión de la especie exótica Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff, 1876) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) en las provincias de Girona y Barcelona (NE España). Revista gaditana de Entomología, XIV,  117-135.
Zaprionus indianus (ZAPRIN) Host
* Khaldi M, Barech G, Bendjedou H, Aouari I (2021) First detection and infestation levels of the invasive fruit fly Zaprionus indianus Gupta, 1970 (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in pomegranate orchards from Algeria. African Entomology, 29(1), 173-179.
------- confirmed host.
Bactrocera latifrons (DACULA) Major host
* Allwood AL, Chinajariyawong A, Drew RAI, Hamacek EL, Hancock DL, Hengsawad C,  Jipanin JC, Jirasurat M, Kong Krong C, Kritsaneepaiboon S, Leong CTS, Vijaysegaran S (1999) Host plant records for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Southeast Asia.  Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement, 7, 1-92.
------- Confirmed host in Asia.

* McQuate GT, Liquido NJ (2016) Provisional list of suitable host plants of Bactrocera (Bactrocera) latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), Version 1.0. Available online at USDA Compendium of Fruit Fly Host Information (CoFFHI). 
Platynota stultana (PLAAST) Major host
* Bentley WJ, Carrol D, Haviland DR, Tollerup KE, Walton VM (2018) Agriculture: Pomegranate Pest Management Guidelines. Omnivorous leafroller, Platynota stultana. UC ANR Publication 3474. https://www2.ipm.ucanr.edu/agriculture/pomegranate/Omnivorous-leafroller/#DESCRIPTION

* LaRue H (1980) Growing pomegranates in California. DNAR UC Publication Leaflet 2459.

* MacKay MR (1962) Larvae of the North American Tortricinae (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Canadian Entomologist Supplement 28, 180 pp.
Pseudococcus viburni (PSECOB) Major host
Thaumatotibia leucotreta (ARGPLE) Major host
* Wohlfarter M, Giliomee JH & Venter E (2010) A survey of the arthropod pests associated with commercial pomegranates, Punica granatum (Lythraceae), in South Africa. African Entomology, 18(1): 192-199.

* Mgocheki N, Addison P (2016) Investigating the validity of the species status of the false codling moth in South African deciduous fruit orchards using mating studies and mtDNA. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 106(5), 598–605. doi:10.1017/s0007485316000304