EPPO Global Database

Citrullus lanatus(CITLA)

Pests

Organism Type
Anastrepha grandis (ANSTGR) Experimental
* Bolzan A, Nava DE, Garcia FR, Valgas RA, Smaniotto G (2015) Biology of Anastrepha grandis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in different cucurbits. Journal of Economic Entomology 108(3), 1034-1039
Cheravirus arracaciae oca strain (as Cucurbitaceae) (AVBO00) Experimental
Clavibacter michiganensis (CORBMI) Experimental
* Stamova L, Sotirova V (1987) Reaction of different crops to artificial inoculation with Corynebacterium michiganense (E.F. Sm.) H.L. Jensen. Archiv fur Phytopathologie und Pflanzenschutz 23, 211–216.
------- As Citrulis edulis. Causes stem canker. Not confirmed in other publications.
Orthotospovirus impatiensnecromaculae (INSV00) Experimental
* Gonzalez-Pacheco BE, Silva-Rosalez L (2013) First report of Impatiens necrotic spot virus in Mexico on tomatillo and pepper plants. Plant Disease 97(8), p 1124.
Rhynchophorus palmarum (RHYCPA) Experimental
* Hagley EAC (1965) On the life history and habits of the palm weevil, Rhynchophorus palmarum. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 58(1), 22-28.
------- Adult feeding on ripe fruit.

* Wattanapongsiri A (1966) A revision of the genera Rhynchophorus and Dynamis. Department of Agricultural Science Bulletin, Bangkok, Thailand.
Agrotis segetum (as Cucurbitaceae) (AGROSE) Host
Aleurodicus dispersus (ALEDDI) Host
* Boopathi T (2022) New host plants, natural enemy complex and newly distributed potential areas of exotic spiralling whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in India. Phytoparasitica 50(2), 335-357.
Aleurodicus dugesii (as Cucurbitaceae) (ALEDDU) Host
Alfamovirus AMV (as Cucurbitaceae) (AMV000) Host
Anastrepha grandis (as Cucurbitaceae) (ANSTGR) Host
* Bolzan A, Nava DE, Garcia FR, Valgas RA, Smaniotto G (2015) Biology of Anastrepha grandis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in different cucurbits. Journal of Economic Entomology 108(3), 1034-1039
Aonidiella citrina (as Cucurbitaceae) (AONDCI) Host
Apomecyna binubila (as Cucurbitaceae) (APOMBI) Host
Aulacophora hilaris (as Cucurbitaceae) (AUACHI) Host
Bactrocera dorsalis (DACUDO) Host
* Goergen G, Vayssières JF, Gnanvossou D, Tindo M (2011) Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae), a new invasive fruit fly pest for the Afrotropical region: Host plant range and distribution in West and Central Africa. Environmental Entomology 40(4), 844-854.
Bactrocera zonata (DACUZO) Host
* Patel RK, Chowdhurry FK, Joshi B (2005) Patterns of infestation of agricultural hosts by fruit flies in north Gujarat, pp. 24-25. In:  Mumford J (Project Leader) Project Integrated management of fruit flies in India (R8089). Final Technical Report, 190 pp.
Baris granulipennis (as Cucurbitaceae) (BARIGR) Host
Begomovirus coheni (TYLCV0) Host
* Mnari-Hattab M, Zammouri S, Hajlaoui MR (2014) First report of hard watermelon syndrome in Tunisia associated with tomato yellow leaf curl virus infection. New Disease Reports 30, 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5197/j.2044-0588.2014.030.007
Begomovirus cucurbitapeponis (SLCV00) Host
* Isakeit T, Robertson NL, Brown JK, Gilbertson RL (1994) First report of Squash Leaf Curl Virus on watermelon in Texas. Plant Disease 78 (10), 1010.

* Fontenele RS, Bhaskara A, Cobb IN, Majure LC, Salywon AM, Avalos-Calleros JA, Argüello-Astorga GR, Schmidlin K, Roumagnac P, Ribeiro SG, Kraberger S (2021) Identification of the begomoviruses squash leaf curl virus and watermelon chlorotic stunt virus in various plant samples in North America. Viruses 13(5), 810. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13050810
Begomovirus solanumflavusardiniaense (TYLCSV) Host
* Mnari-Hattab M, Zammouri S, Hajlaoui MR (2014) First report of hard watermelon syndrome in Tunisia associated with tomato yellow leaf curl virus infection. New Disease Reports 30, 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5197/j.2044-0588.2014.030.007
Bemisia tabaci (as Cucurbitaceae) (BEMITA) Host
Ceratothripoides brunneus (CRTZBR) Host
Ceratothripoides claratris (CRTZCL) Host
* Premachandra WTS, Borgemeister C (2006) Infestation of Ceratothripoides claratris (Shumsher) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on selected food crops in Thailand. Ruhuna Journal of Science 1(1), 41-46.

* Steenken N, Halaweh N (2011) Host plant preference study for Ceratothripoides claratris (Shumsher) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and CaCV (Genus Tospovirus; Family Bunyaviridae) in Bangkok, Thailand. Journal of Entomology 8(2), 198-203.
Chloridea virescens (HELIVI) Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA.
------- as Citrullus vulgaris

* Romani IS (2019) Fluctuación poblacional de los principales insectos fitófagos en el cultivo de sandía en el valle de Ica. MSc Thesis. Universidad de la Molina. 149 pp. Tesis, Magister Scientiae en Entomologia.

* EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents
------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
Circulifer tenellus (as Cucurbitaceae) (CIRCTE) Host
Colletotrichum fructicola (COLLFC) Host
* EFSA PLH Panel (EFSA Panel on Plant Health), Bragard C, Dehnen-Schmutz K, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jacques M-A, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas-Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Thulke H-H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappala L,  Migheli Q, Vloutoglou I, Campese C, Maiorano A, Streissl F, Reignault PL (2021) Scientific Opinion on the pest categorisation of Colletotrichum fructicola. EFSA Journal 19(8), 6803, 41 pp
Comovirus cucurbitae (as Cucurbitaceae) (SQMV00) Host
Comstockaspis perniciosa (QUADPE) Host
* Moghaddam M (2003) An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data. Zookeys 334, 1-92. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.334.5818

* Moghaddam M (2013) An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data. ZooKeys 334, 1–92.
Crinivirus cucurbitae (as Cucurbitaceae) (CYSDV0) Host
Crinivirus lactucaflavi (LIYV00) Host
* Duffus JE, Larsen RC, Liu HY (1986) Lettuce infectious yellows virus - a new type of whitefly-transmitted virus. Phytopathology 76(1), 97-100.

* Halliwell RS,  Johnson JD (1992) Lettuce infectious yellows virus infecting watermelon, cantaloupe, honey dew melon, squash, and cushaw in Texas. Plant Disease 76, 643.
Curtovirus betae (BCTV00) Host
* Chen L-F, Gilbertson RL (2009)  Curtovirus-cucurbit interaction: Acquisition host plays a role in leafhopper transmission in a host-dependent manner. Phytopathology 99, 101-108.
Dacus bivittatus (DACUBI) Host
* Hassani IM, Delatte H, Ravaomanarivo LH, Nouhou S, Duyck PF (2022) Niche partitioning via host plants and altitude among fruit flies following the invasion of Bactrocera dorsalis. Agricultural and Forest Entomology. https://doi.org/10.1111/afe.12522
Dacus bivittatus (as Cucurbitaceae) (DACUBI) Host
* Hassani IM, Delatte H, Ravaomanarivo LH, Nouhou S, Duyck PF (2022) Niche partitioning via host plants and altitude among fruit flies following the invasion of Bactrocera dorsalis. Agricultural and Forest Entomology. https://doi.org/10.1111/afe.12522
Dacus ciliatus (DACUCI) Host
* McQuate GT, Liquido NJ, Nakamichi KAA (2018) Host plant records of the lesser pumpkin fly, Dacus ciliatus Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae), Version 1.0. Available online at: USDA Compendium of Fruit Fly Host Information (CoFFHI), Edition 3.1.

* White IM (2006) Taxonomy of the Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Africa and the Middle East. African Entomology Memoir 2, 156 pp.
Delia platura (as Cucurbitaceae) (HYLEPL) Host
Diabrotica undecimpunctata undecimpunctata (DIABUN) Host
* Clark SM, LeDoux DG, Seeno TN, Riley EG, Gilbert AJ, Sullivan JM (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society, Special Publication 2, 1-476.
-------- Adult host - as Citrullus vulgaris and as Citrullus lanatus.
Diaphania indica (as Cucurbitaceae) (DPHNIN) Host
Diaporthe sclerotioides (as Cucurbitaceae) (PHOPSC) Host
Epilachna elaterii (as Cucurbitaceae) (EPILCH) Host
Epitrix tuberis (EPIXTU) Host
* Clark SM,  LeDoux DG, Seeno TN,  Riley EG,  Gilbert AJ, Sullivan JM (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada.  Special Publications of the Coleopterists Society, 2, 476 pp.
------- feeding of adults as "melon [likely Citrullus lanatus or Cucumis melo]"
Eutetranychus orientalis (EUTEOR) Host
Frankliniella occidentalis (as Cucurbitaceae) (FRANOC) Host
Fusarium keratoplasticum (CYLCVG) Host
* González V, García-Martínez S, Flores-León A, Ruiz JJ, Pico B, Garces-Claver A (2020) Neocosmospora keratoplastica, a relevant human fusarial pathogen is found to be associated with wilt and root rot of Muskmelon and Watermelon crops in Spain: epidemiological and molecular evidences. Eur J Plant Pathol 156, 1189–1196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-020-01931-z
Helicoverpa armigera (HELIAR) Host
* Cunningham JP, Zalucki MP (2014) Understanding heliothine (Lepidoptera: Heliothinae) pests: what is a host plant? Journal of Economic Entomology 107, 881–896.
Helicoverpa zea (HELIZE) Host
* Quaintance AL, Brues CT (1905) The cotton bollworm. US Depatment of Agriculture. Bureau of entomology. Bulletin 50. 155 pp.
------- as Citrullis vulgaris.
Hishimonus phycitis (HISHPH) Host
* Bella S, Aguin-Pombo D, Aguiar AM, Kunz G, Miralles-Nunez A, Foster S, Sanchez-Garcia I, Wilson MR, D’Urso VE (2022) Discovery of Hishimonus diffractus Dai, Fletcher & Zhang, 2013 (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae) in Europe, with remarks on previously recorded species of the genus. Zootaxa 5159(4), 558-570.
------- Feeding host.

* Bindra OS, Singh B (1968) Biology and bionomics of Hishimonus phycitis (Distant), a jassid vector of ’little-leaf’ disease of brinjal (Solanum melongena). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 39, 912–919
------- Feeding host.
Ipomovirus cucumisvenaflavi (CVYV00) Host
* Louro D, Quinot A, Neto E, Fernandes JE, Marian D, Vecchiati M, Caciagli P, Vaira AM (2004) Occurrence of Cucumber vein yellowing virus in cucurbitaceous species in southern Portugal. Plant pathology 53(2), 241.

* Luria N, Smith E, Sela N, Koren A, Lachman O, Dombrovsky A (2019) Insights into a watermelon virome contribute to monitoring distribution of whitefly-borne viruses. Phytobiomes Journal 3(1), 61-70. https://doi.org/10.1094/PBIOMES-07-18-0034-R

* Mansour A,  Al‐Musa A (1993) Cucumber vein yellowing virus; host range and virus vector relationships. Journal of Phytopathology, 137(1), 73-78.
------- as Citrullus vulgaris.
Ipomovirus cucurbitavenaflavi (SQVYVX) Host
* Adkins S, Webb SE, Baker CA, Kousik CS (2008) Squash vein yellowing virus detection using nested polymerase chain reaction demonstrates that the cucurbit weed Momordica charantia is a reservoir host. Plant Disease 92, 1119-1123.

* Egel DS, Adkins S (2007) Squash vein yellowing virus identified in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) in Indiana. Plant Disease 91(8), 1056.
Leptoglossus australis (as Cucurbitaceae) (LEPLAU) Host
Liriomyza huidobrensis (LIRIHU) Host
* Ccahuana D, Joyo G, Castillo J, Beyer A, Rodriguez P (2020) Ocurrencia estacional de plagas y predadores en el cultivo de sandía (Citrullus lanatus)(Thunb.) en La Molina. Anales Científicos 81(2), 318-329.

* Foba CN, Salifu D, Lagat ZO, Gitonga LM, Akutse KS, Fiaboe KKM (2015) Species composition, distribution, and seasonal abundance of Liriomyza leafminers (Ciptera: Agromyzidae) under different vegetable production systems and agroecological zones in Kenya. Environmental Entomology 44(2), 223-232.

* Echevarria A, Gimeno C, Jimenez R (1994) Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard, 1926) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) una nueva plaga en cultivos valencianos. Boletin de Sanidad Vegetal. Plagas 20, 103-109.

* Foba CN, Salifu D, Lagat ZP, Gitonga LM, Akutse KS, Fiaboe KKM (2015) Species composition, distribution and seasonal abundance of Liriomyza leafminers (Diptera: Agromyzidae) under different vegetable production systems and agroecological zones in Kenya. Environmental Entomology 44, 223-232.
------- Confirmed host. Reared from infested leaves collected in the field.

* Korytkowski C (1982) Contribución al conocimiento de los Agromyzidae (Diptera: Acalyptratae) en el Perú. MS Thesis, Universidad Nacional Agraria, La Molina, Lima, 237 pp.

* Wei J, Zou L, Kuang R, He L (2000) Influence of leaf tissue structure on host feeding selection by pea leafminer Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Zoological Studies 39, 295-300.
Liriomyza sativae (LIRISA) Host
* Foba CN, Salifu D, Lagat ZO, Gitonga LM, Akutse KS, Fiaboe KKM (2015) Species composition, distribution, and seasonal abundance of Liriomyza leafminers (Ciptera: Agromyzidae) under different vegetable production systems and agroecological zones in Kenya. Environmental Entomology 44(2), 223-232.
------- confirmed host. Reared from infested leaves collected in the field

* Mazumdar S, Bhuiya BA (2017) True flies: biology and plant hosts of vegetable leafminer Liriomyza sativae Blanchard (Diptera: Agromyzidae) from Bangladesh. Bugs R All no 159. In: Zoo’s Print 32(8), 12-21.

* Rauf A, Shepard BM, Johnson MW (2000) Leafminers in vegetables, ornamental plants and weeds in Indonesia: Surveys of host crops, species composition and parasitoids. International Journal of Pest Management 46, 257-266.
------- confirmed host. Reared from infested leaves collected in the field

* Tran DH (2009) Agromyzid leaf miners and their parasitoids on vegetables in Central Vietnam. Journal of the International Society for Southeast Asian Agricultural Sciences 15(2), 21-33.
------- confirmed host. Reared from infested leaves collected in commercial vegetable fields
Liriomyza trifolii (LIRITR) Host
* Foba CN, Salifu D, Lagat ZO, Gitonga LM, Akutse KS, Fiaboe KKM (2015) Species composition, distribution, and seasonal abundance of Liriomyza leafminers (Ciptera: Agromyzidae) under different vegetable production systems and agroecological zones in Kenya. Environmental Entomology 44(2), 223-232.
------- confirmed host. Reared from infested leaves collected in the field
Megalurothrips usitatus (MEGTUS) Host
* Reyes CP (1994) Thysanoptera (Hexapoda) of the Philippine Islands. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 42(2), 107-507.
Meloidogyne chitwoodi (MELGCH) Host
* O’Bannon JH, Santo GS, Nyczepir AP (1982) Host range of the Columbia root-knot nematode. Plant Disease 66, 1045-1048.
------- As Citrullus vulgaris.

* Santo GS, O'Bannon JH. Finley AM, Golden AM (1980) Occurrence and host range of a new root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne chitwoodi) in the Pacific northwest. Plant Disease 64, 951-952.
Meloidogyne enterolobii (MELGMY) Host
* Ramírez-Suárez A, Rosas-Hernández L, Alcasio-Rangel S, Powers TO (2014) First report of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii parasitizing watermelon from Veracruz, Mexico. Plant Disease 98(3), 428-429.

* Yang B, Eisenback JD (1983) Meloidogyne enterolobii n.sp. (Meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode parasitizing pacara earpot tree in China. Journal of Nematology 15(3), 381–391

* Brito JA, Kaur R, Cetintas R, Stanley JD, Mendes ML, McAvoy EJ, Powers TO, Dickson DW (2008) Identification and isozyme characterization of Meloidogyne spp. infecting horticultural and agronomic drops, and weeds in Florida. Nematology 10(5), 757-766. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854108785787253
------- confirmed host
Meloidogyne ethiopica (MELGET) Host
* Carneiro R M D G, Gomes C B, Almeida M R A, Gomes A C M M & Martins I (2003) First record of Meloidogyne ethiopica Whitehead, 1968 on kiwi in Brazil and reaction of different plant species. (Primeiro Registro de Meloidogyne ethiopica Whitehead, 1968, em plantas de quivi no Brasil e reação em diferentes plantas cultivadas.). Nematologia Brasileira, 27(2), 151-158.

* Carneiro R M D G, Randig O, Almeida M R A, Gomes A C M M (2004) Additional information on Meloidogyne ethiopica Whitehead, 1968 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode parasitising kiwi fruit and grape-vine from Brazil and Chile. Nematology 6(1), 109-123.
Meloidogyne luci (MELGLC) Host
* Sen F, Aydinli (2021) Host status of cultivated crops to Meloidogyne luci. European Journal of Plant Pathology 161(3), 607-618.
------- In experiments, cv. Crimson Sweet was found to be a poor host but cv. Chaleston Gray was found to be a good host.

* Gerič Stare B, Strajnar P, Susič N, Urek G & Širca S (2017) Reported populations of Meloidogyne ethiopica in Europe identified as Meloidogyne luci. Plant disease 101(9), 1627-1632.
------- In experiments, cv. Charleston Gray was found to be a poor host (RF<1): RF = 0.6.
Myiopardalis pardalina (CARYPA) Host
Myiopardalis pardalina (as Cucurbitaceae) (CARYPA) Host
Naupactus leucoloma (GRAGLE) Host
* Chadwick CF (1965) Checklist of the Brachyderinae (Col. Curculionidae) occurring in Australia. Journal of the Entomological Society of Australia (NSW) 2, 21-34.
Nepovirus nicotianae (TRSV00) Host
* Abdalla OA, Bruton BD, Fish WW, Ali A (2012) First confirmed report of Tobacco ringspot virus in cucurbits crops in Oklahoma. Plant Disease 96, 1705-1705.
Orthotospovirus arachianuli (GRSV00) Host
* Leao EU, Spodotti DMA, Gonçalves Rocha KC, de Cunha Pantoja KF, Rezende JAM, Pavan MA, Krause-Sakate R (2015) Citrullus lanatus is a new natural host of Groundnut ringspot virus in Brazil. Journal of Phytopathology 163(11-12), 1014-1018.
Orthotospovirus tomatomaculae (TSWV00) Host
* Parrella G, Gognalons P, Gebre-Selassie K, Vovlas C, Marchoux G (2003) An update of the host range of tomato spotted wilt virus. Journal of Plant Pathology 85(4), 227-264.
Phenacoccus solenopsis (PHENSO) Host
Phymatotrichopsis omnivora (PHMPOM) Host
* Anonymous (1960) Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. Agriculture Handbook no 165, USDA-ARS (US) 531 pp.
Phytophthora capsici (PHYTCP) Host
Platynota stultana (PLAAST) Host
* Fu Castillo AA, Fontes Puebla AA, Galaz Cota D, Mendoza Quintana D, Ozuna Badachi D (2011) Campaña de Vigilancia Fitosanitaria de Plagas Exoticas Invasivas de Vid en el Estado de Sonora. Seminario de Viticultura. Hermosillo, Sonora Diciembre de 2011.
Pratylenchus coffeae (as Cucurbitaceae) (PRATCO) Host
Prodiplosis longifila (PRDILO) Host
* Ccahuana D, Joyo G, Castillo J, Beyer A, Rodriguez P (2020) Ocurrencia estacional de plagas y predadores en el cultivo de sandía (Citrullus lanatus)(Thunb.) en La Molina. Anales Científicos 81(2), 318-329.

* Diaz-Silva F (2011) [Agroecological aspects for the integrated management of Prodiplosis longifila Gagné in the irrigation of Chavimochic]. Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Trujillo, Trujillo, PERU (in Spanish).
Ralstonia solanacearum (RALSSL) Host
* Wicker E, Grassart L, Coranson-Beaudu R, Mian D, Guilbaud C, Fegan M, Prior P (2007) Ralstonia solanacearum strains from Martinique (French West Indies) exhibiting a new pathogenic potential. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73(21), 6790-801. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00841-07
Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RALSSO) Host
* Wicker E, Grassart L, Coranson-Beaudu R, Mian D, Guilbaud C, Fegan M, Prior P (2007) Ralstonia solanacearum strains from Martinique (French West Indies) exhibiting a new pathogenic potential. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73(21), 6790-801. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00841-07
Rotylenchulus reniformis (as Cucurbitaceae) (ROTYRE) Host
Scutellonema bradys (SCUNBR) Host
* Bello TT, Coyne DL, Rashidifard M, Fourie H (2020) Abundance and diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with watermelon in Nigeria, with focus on Meloidogyne spp. Nematology 22(7), 781-797.
Spodoptera eridania (PRODER) Host
* Montezano DG, Specht A, Sosa-Gomez DR, Roque-Specht VF & de Barros NM (2014) Immature stages of Spodoptera eridania (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): developmental parameters and host plants. Journal of Insect Science 14, 238. https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/ieu144
Spodoptera frugiperda (LAPHFR) Host
* Montezano DG, Specht A, Sosa-Gómez DR, Roque-Specht VF, Sousa-Silva JC, Paula-Moraes SV, Peterson JA, Hunt T (2018) Host plants of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Americas. African Entomology 26, 286-300.
Spodoptera ornithogalli (PRODOR) Host
* Brito R, Specht A, Gonçalves GL, Moreira GRP, Carneiro E, Santos FL, Roque-Specht VF, Mielke OHH, Casagrande MM (2019) Spodoptera marima: a new synonym of Spodoptera ornithogalli (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), with notes on adult morphology, host plant use and genetic variation along its geographic range. Neotropical Entomology 48(3), 433-448.

* Capinera JL (2017) Yellowstriped Armyworm, Spodoptera ornithogalli (Guenée) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida /IFAS Extension, EENY216, 4p. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/IN/IN37300.pdf

* Coto D, Saunders JL, Vargas-S CL, King ABS (1995) Plagas invertebradas de cultivos tropicales con énfasis em América Central-Um invetário. Turrialba, CATIE, 200 pp.

* Crumb SE (1929) Tobacco cutworms. USDA Technical Bulletin 88, p 179.

* Heppner JB (2007) Lepidoptera of Florida. Part 1. Introduction and catalog. Gainesville, Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services, p 670.

* Tietz HM (1972) An index to the described life histories, early stages and hosts of the Macrolepidoptera of the continental United States and Canada, 536 pp.
Tetranychus evansi (TETREV) Host
* EPPO (2008) Pest Risk Analysis for Tetranychus evansi. 47pp. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/TETREV/documents
Thrips palmi (THRIPL) Host
* Kajita H, Hirose Y, Takagi M, Okajima S, Napompeth B, Buranapanichpan S (1996) Host plants and abundance of Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), an important pest of vegetables in Southeast Asia. Applied Entomology and Zoology 31(1), 87-94,

* Elizondo AI, Murguido CA, Pérez I, Piedra F, Peña E, Martínez M, Martell M, de los Ángeles Fernández M, Sariol H, Rodríguez S, Jiménez R, Granda G, Palacios F (2003) Thrips palmi Karny en la agricultura cubana. Fitosanidad 7(2), 1-9.
Thrips parvispinus (THRIPV) Host
* Rachana RR, Roselin P, Amutha M, Sireesha K, Narasa Reddy G (2022) Invasive pest, Thrips parvispinus (Karny)(Thysanoptera: Thripidae) a looming threat to Indian agriculture. Current Science 122(2), 211-213.
Tobamovirus kyuri (KGMMV0) Host
* Kwon JY, Hong JS, Kim MJ, Choi SH, Min BE, Song EG, Kim HH, Ryu KH (2014). Simultaneous multiplex PCR detection of seven cucurbit-infecting viruses. Journal of Virological Methods 206, 133-139.
Tuta absoluta (GNORAB) Host
Verticillium dahliae (VERTDA) Host
* Inderbitzin P, Subbarao KV (2014) Verticillium systematics and evolution: how confusion impedes Verticillium wilt management and how to resolve it. Phytopathology 104(6), 564-574. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-11-13-0315-IA
Acidovorax citrulli (PSDMAC) Major host
* Burdman S, Walcott R (2012) Acidovorax citrulli: generating basic and applied knowledge to tackle a global threat to the cucurbit industry. Molecular Plant Pathology 13: 805–815. DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2012.00810.x.

* Schaad NW, Sowell G, Goth RW, Colwell RR, Webb RE (1978) Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes subsp. citrulli subsp. nov. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 28: 117–125.
------- confirmed host
Bactrocera latifrons (DACULA) Major host
* McQuate GT, Liquido NJ (2016) Provisional list of suitable host plants of Bactrocera (Bactrocera) latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), Version 1.0. Available online at USDA Compendium of Fruit Fly Host Information (CoFFHI). 

* Mziray HA, Makundi RH, Mwatawala M, Maerere A, De Meyer M (2010) Host use of Bactrocera latifrons, a new invasive tephritid species in Tanzania. Journal of Econonmic Entomololy 103(1), 70-76.
------- confirmed host
Begomovirus citrulli (WMCSV0) Major host
* Kheyr-Pour A, Bananej K, Dafalla GA, Caciagli P, Noris E, Ahoonmanesh A, Lecoq H, Gronenborn B (2000) Watermelon chlorotic stunt virus from the Sudan and Iran: Sequence comparisons and identification of a whitefly-transmission determinant. Phytopathology 90(6), 629-635.

* Luria N, Smith E, Sela N, Koren A, Lachman O, Dombrovsky A (2019) Insights into a watermelon virome contribute to monitoring distribution of whitefly-borne viruses. Phytobiomes Journal 3(1), 61-70. https://doi.org/10.1094/PBIOMES-07-18-0034-R
Begomovirus solanumdelhiense (TOLCND) Major host
* Venkataravanappa V (2020) Characterization of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus associated with leaf curl and yellowing disease of Watermelon and development of LAMP assay for its detection, 3 Biotech, 10 (6) DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02245-x
------- confirmed host. 
Coguvirus citrulli (WCLAV1) Major host
* Xin M, Cao M, Liu W, Ren Y, Zhou X, Wang X (2017) Two negative-strand RNA viruses identified in watermelon represent a novel clade in the order Bunyavirales. Frontiers in microbiology 8, 1514. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01514

* Zhang S, Tian X, Navarro B, Di Serio F, Cao M (2021) Watermelon crinkle leaf-associated virus 1 and watermelon crinkle leaf-associated virus 2 have a bipartite genome with molecular signatures typical of the members of the genus Coguvirus (family Phenuiviridae). Archives of Virology 166, 2829-2834.
Coguvirus henanense (WCLAV2) Major host
* Xin M, Cao M, Liu W, Ren Y, Zhou X, Wang X (2017) Two negative-strand RNA viruses identified in watermelon represent a novel clade in the order Bunyavirales. Frontiers in microbiology 8, 1514. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01514

* Zhang S, Tian X, Navarro B, Di Serio F, Cao M (2021) Watermelon crinkle leaf-associated virus 1 and watermelon crinkle leaf-associated virus 2 have a bipartite genome with molecular signatures typical of the members of the genus Coguvirus (family Phenuiviridae). Archives of Virology 166, 2829-2834.
Crinivirus cucurbitae (CYSDV0) Major host
* Kousik CS, Adkins S (2020) Detection of Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus infecting watermelon in South Carolina. Plant Health Progress 21(2) (abstract). https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-03-20-0016-BR
Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV00) Major host
* Alfaro-Fernández A, Espino A, Botella-Guillen M, Font MI, Sanahuja E, Galipienso L, Rubio L (2022) First report of cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus infecting watermelon and zucchini in the Canary Islands, Spain. Plant disease 106(7), 2006. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-21-2296-PDN

* Chang HY, Chen LC, Lin CC, Tsai WS (2021) First report of cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus infecting melon, watermelon and wild melon in the Philippines. Journal of Plant Pathology 103, 681–682.

* Jailani AA, Iriarte F, Hochmuth B, Willis SM, Warren M, Dey K, Velez-Climent M, McVay J, Bag S, Paret ML (2022) First report of cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus affecting watermelon in the United States. Plant Disease 106(2), p 774. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-21-0639-PDN

* Luria N, Smith E, Sela N, Koren A, Lachman O, Dombrovsky A (2019) Insights into a watermelon virome contribute to monitoring distribution of whitefly-borne viruses. Phytobiomes Journal 3(1), 61-70. https://doi.org/10.1094/PBIOMES-07-18-0034-R
Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi (DIABUH) Major host
* Clark SM, LeDoux DG, Seeno TN, Riley EG, Gilbert AJ, Sullivan JM (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society, Special Publication 2, 1-476.
------- Larval host.
Diaphania indica (DPHNIN) Major host
Liriomyza bryoniae (LIRIBO) Major host
* Abul-Nasr S & Assem AH (1961) A leaf miner, Liriomyza bryoniae (Kalt), attacking cucurbitaceous plants in Egypt. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Egypt 45, 401-403.

* Shiao SF (2004) Morphological diagnosis of six Liriomyza species (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of quarantine importance in Taiwan. Applied Entomology and Zoology 39, 27-39.
------- from collection specimen

* Spencer KA (1973) Agromyzidae (Diptera) of economic importance. Series Entomologica Volume 9. Dr. W. Junk B.V. The Hague, The Netherlands. 418 pp.
Monosporascus cannonballus (MSPSCB) Major host
* Jin Y, Wu HM, Zhongzhu P, Yan X, Wang B, Zheng YL, Feng XX (2024) First report of Monosporascus cannonballus causing root rot and vine decline in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) in China. Plant Disease (early view). https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-23-2065-PDN

* Sales Jr R, Santana CVS, Nogueira DRS, Silva KJP, Guimarães IM, Michereff SJ, Abad-Campos P, García-JiménezJ, Armengol J (2010) First report of Monosporascus cannonballus on watermelon in Brazil. Plant Disease 94(2), p 278.
Orthotospovirus citrullomaculosi (WMSMOV) Major host
* Chiemsombat P, Gajanandana O, Warin N, Hongprayoon R, Bhunchoth A, Pongsapich P (2008) Biological and molecular characterization of tospoviruses in Thailand. Archives of Virology 153, 571-577.

* Rao X, Liu Y, Wu Z, Li Y (2011) First report of natural infection of watermelon by Watermelon silver mottle virus in China. New Disease Reports 24, 12. http://www.ndrs.org.uk/article.php?id=024012
Orthotospovirus cucurbichlorosis (ZLCV00) Major host
* Aguiar RWS, Alves GB, Queiroz AP, Nascimento IT, Lima MF (2018) Evaluation of weeds as virus reservoirs in watermelon crops. Planta Daninha 36, e018171593 (online). https://www.scielo.br/pdf/pd/v36/0100-8358-PD-36-e018171593.pdf

* Aguiar RWS, Rodriques A, Portella ACF, Lopes MM, Lima MF, Resende RO, Nagata T (2015) Serological identification of virus in watermelon production fields in the Tocantins State. Brazilan Archives of Biology and Technology 58(2), 192-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-8913201400219

* Kitajima EW (2020) An annotated list of plant viruses and viroids described in Brazil (1926-2018). Biota Neotropica 20(2), e20190932. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2019-0932
------- Epidemics in Central Brazil.
Orthotospovirus meloflavi (MYSVV0) Major host
* Chiemsombat P, Gajanandana O, Warin N, Hongprayoon R, Bhunchoth A, Pongsapich, P (2008) Biological and molecular characterization of tospoviruses in Thailand. Archives of Virology 153(3), 571-577.
------- as 'watermelon'.
Potyvirus cucurbitaflavitesselati (ZYMV00) Major host
* Desbiez C., Lecoq H (1997) Zucchini yellow mosaic virus. Plant pathology, 46(6), 809-829.
Serratia marcescens (SERRMA) Major host
* Sikora EJ, Bruton BD, Wayadande AC, Fletcher J (2012) First report of the cucurbit yellow vine disease caused by Serratia marcescens in watermelon and yellow squash in Alabama. Plant Disease 96(5), p 761.
Serratia marcescens (as Cucurbitaceae) (SERRMA) Major host
Spodoptera littoralis (SPODLI) Major host
* Dimetry NZ (1972) Further studies on the host plant preference of Spodoptera littoralis Boisd. (Lepid., Noctuidae). Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie 71(4), 350-355 (abst.).

* Prasad J, Bhattacharya AK (1975) Growth and development of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) on several plants. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 79, 34-48.
Zeugodacus cucurbitae (DACUCU) Major host
* De Meyer M, Delatte H, Mwatawala M, Quilici S, Vayssières JF, Virgilio M (2015) A review of the current knowledge on Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera, Tephritidae) in Africa, with a list of species included in Zeugodacus. ZooKeys 540, 539-557. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.9672

* He Y, Xu Y, Chen X (2023) Biology, ecology and management of Tephritid fruit flies in China: A review. Insects 14, 196. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14020196

* Leblanc L (2022) The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 0948, 1-167. https://journals.flvc.org/mundi/article/view/131965/135549
Zeugodacus cucumis (as Cucurbitaceae) (DACUCM) Wild/Weed