Ralstonia solanacearum(RALSSL)
Distribution details in United Kingdom
Current pest situation evaluated by EPPO on the basis of information dated
2017: Present, few occurrences
On potato, under official control.
EPPO Reporting Service (1993/31) : one outbreak at a farm in Oxfordshire, southern England. Strict containment measures and eradication.
EPPO Reporting Service (1996/02) : disease not further detected in potato after 1993, in extensive surveys. Since found in wild Solanum dulcamara in Thames valley only, possibly contaminating the water.
EPPO Reporting Service (1997/25) : in fact, a single sample of ware potatoes found infected in 1995, in area where the previous outbreak was found. Probably infected from S. dulcamara.
EPPO Reporting Service (1997/111) : no infection found in potato since 1995, but R. solanacearum may still be present in wild S. dulcamara adjoining waterways.
EPPO Reporting Service (1997/167) : found in tomatoes in two glasshouses in Bedfordshire, probably contaminated through irrigation water.
EPPO Reporting Service (2003/166) : further outbreaks in potato crops in England (2 in Northamptonshire in 1999; 1 in Kent in 2000). Not since found in crops. Can still be detected in some water courses in the south and southeast of England.
EPPO Reporting Service (2004/089) : in 2004, a consignment of Dutch seed potatoes found infested, before planting, in Lancashire (northwest England). Tests on related batches were negative, but farms concerned are kept under surveillance. No infection found in the field
EPPO Reporting Service (2004/155) : recalls that R. solanacearum was first reported on pelargonium (on imported cuttings) in UK in 1999. No further reports.
Official surveys conducted in 2008 did not detect the bacterium in tomato/potato crops. However, 12 water samples from different watercourses were found infected.
EPPO Reporting Service (2010/100) : detected in 2009 on ware potatoes in 1 production site in Cornwall, under eradication.
EPPO Reporting Service (2011/150) : official surveys conducted in 3 watercourses in Cambridgeshire where R. solanacearum had previously been found (Back river, Stanground Lode and Pig Water) showed that the bacterium is no longer present. This is the result of an eradication programme (removal of Solanum dulcamara plants).
From NPPO (2012): the bacterium has NOT been detected in the water course 'Fossdyke Navigation' since 2008. It was NOT detected during official surveys carried out on the UK ware and seed potato crops of 2011.
From NPPO (2013): detected in potato stocks (cv. 'Luciole') which had been grown from seed potatoes imported from the Netherlands. All contamined stocks have been traced and destroyed.
EPPO Reporting Service (1993/31) : one outbreak at a farm in Oxfordshire, southern England. Strict containment measures and eradication.
EPPO Reporting Service (1996/02) : disease not further detected in potato after 1993, in extensive surveys. Since found in wild Solanum dulcamara in Thames valley only, possibly contaminating the water.
EPPO Reporting Service (1997/25) : in fact, a single sample of ware potatoes found infected in 1995, in area where the previous outbreak was found. Probably infected from S. dulcamara.
EPPO Reporting Service (1997/111) : no infection found in potato since 1995, but R. solanacearum may still be present in wild S. dulcamara adjoining waterways.
EPPO Reporting Service (1997/167) : found in tomatoes in two glasshouses in Bedfordshire, probably contaminated through irrigation water.
EPPO Reporting Service (2003/166) : further outbreaks in potato crops in England (2 in Northamptonshire in 1999; 1 in Kent in 2000). Not since found in crops. Can still be detected in some water courses in the south and southeast of England.
EPPO Reporting Service (2004/089) : in 2004, a consignment of Dutch seed potatoes found infested, before planting, in Lancashire (northwest England). Tests on related batches were negative, but farms concerned are kept under surveillance. No infection found in the field
EPPO Reporting Service (2004/155) : recalls that R. solanacearum was first reported on pelargonium (on imported cuttings) in UK in 1999. No further reports.
Official surveys conducted in 2008 did not detect the bacterium in tomato/potato crops. However, 12 water samples from different watercourses were found infected.
EPPO Reporting Service (2010/100) : detected in 2009 on ware potatoes in 1 production site in Cornwall, under eradication.
EPPO Reporting Service (2011/150) : official surveys conducted in 3 watercourses in Cambridgeshire where R. solanacearum had previously been found (Back river, Stanground Lode and Pig Water) showed that the bacterium is no longer present. This is the result of an eradication programme (removal of Solanum dulcamara plants).
From NPPO (2012): the bacterium has NOT been detected in the water course 'Fossdyke Navigation' since 2008. It was NOT detected during official surveys carried out on the UK ware and seed potato crops of 2011.
From NPPO (2013): detected in potato stocks (cv. 'Luciole') which had been grown from seed potatoes imported from the Netherlands. All contamined stocks have been traced and destroyed.
* Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety (European Commission) (2017) Potato ring rot and brown rot surveys in the EU: Annual report 2016/2017. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. 36 pp.
------- In annual surveys from 1995-2016, R. solanacearum [phylotype IIB-1] was detected in 7 lots of ware potato (1 lot in 1995, 4 lots in 1999, and 2 lots in 2005) and was detected in 3 lots of seed potato in 2008. Official eradication measures were taken.
* Elphinstone J, Matthews-Berry S (2017) Defra Plant Pest Factsheet: Monitoring and control of the potato brown rot bacterium in irrigation water. Department of Environment Food and Rural Affairs, York UK. 6pp. https://planthealthportal.defra.gov.uk/assets/factsheets/irrigation-guidelines-factsheetformat-2017-final.pdf
------- Isolated outbreaks in ware potato crops have occurred, in the UK –two in the Thames valley (in 1992 and 1995), one in Northamptonshire in 1999, one in Kent in 2000, one in Nottinghamshire in 2005 and one in Cornwall and Somerset in 2010. The same organism has also caused bacterial wilt disease in tomato crops in Bedfordshire (1997 and 1998). All except the 2010 outbreak, which was linked to infected imported seed potatoes, have been associated with contaminated water.
* Grousset F, Roy AS, Smith IM (1998) Situation of Ralstonia solanacearum in the EPPO region in 1997. EPPO Bulletin 28 (1-2), 53-63.
* IPPC website, FAO. Official Pest Reports from the United Kingdom (2010-02-09) Potato brown rot outbreak. https://www.ippc.int/index.php?id=122[showUid]=216919
* Janse JD (1996) Potato brown rot in western Europe – history, present occurrence and some remarks on possible origin, epidemiology and control strategies. EPPO Bulletin 26, 679-695.
------- Biovar 2.
* Janse JD, van den Beld HE, Elphinstone J, Simpkins S, Tjou-Tam-Sin NNA, van Vaerenbergh J (2004) Introduction to Europe of Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2 race 3 in Pelargonium zonale cuttings. Journal of Plant Pathology 86, 147-145
* NPPO of the UK (1993-01, 1995, 1996-11, 1997-09, 2004-03, 2009-07, 2011-06, 2012-03, 2012-07, 2013-01, 2013-06).
------- In annual surveys from 1995-2016, R. solanacearum [phylotype IIB-1] was detected in 7 lots of ware potato (1 lot in 1995, 4 lots in 1999, and 2 lots in 2005) and was detected in 3 lots of seed potato in 2008. Official eradication measures were taken.
* Elphinstone J, Matthews-Berry S (2017) Defra Plant Pest Factsheet: Monitoring and control of the potato brown rot bacterium in irrigation water. Department of Environment Food and Rural Affairs, York UK. 6pp. https://planthealthportal.defra.gov.uk/assets/factsheets/irrigation-guidelines-factsheetformat-2017-final.pdf
------- Isolated outbreaks in ware potato crops have occurred, in the UK –two in the Thames valley (in 1992 and 1995), one in Northamptonshire in 1999, one in Kent in 2000, one in Nottinghamshire in 2005 and one in Cornwall and Somerset in 2010. The same organism has also caused bacterial wilt disease in tomato crops in Bedfordshire (1997 and 1998). All except the 2010 outbreak, which was linked to infected imported seed potatoes, have been associated with contaminated water.
* Grousset F, Roy AS, Smith IM (1998) Situation of Ralstonia solanacearum in the EPPO region in 1997. EPPO Bulletin 28 (1-2), 53-63.
* IPPC website, FAO. Official Pest Reports from the United Kingdom (2010-02-09) Potato brown rot outbreak. https://www.ippc.int/index.php?id=122[showUid]=216919
* Janse JD (1996) Potato brown rot in western Europe – history, present occurrence and some remarks on possible origin, epidemiology and control strategies. EPPO Bulletin 26, 679-695.
------- Biovar 2.
* Janse JD, van den Beld HE, Elphinstone J, Simpkins S, Tjou-Tam-Sin NNA, van Vaerenbergh J (2004) Introduction to Europe of Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2 race 3 in Pelargonium zonale cuttings. Journal of Plant Pathology 86, 147-145
* NPPO of the UK (1993-01, 1995, 1996-11, 1997-09, 2004-03, 2009-07, 2011-06, 2012-03, 2012-07, 2013-01, 2013-06).