EPPO Global Database

* Álvarez E, Pantoja A, Gañán L, Ceballos G (2015) Current status of Moko disease and black sigatoka in Latin America and the Caribbean, and options for managing them CIAT publication No. 404

* Cardozo C, Rodríguez P, Cotes JM, Marín M (2010) Variabilidad genética de la bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum (Burkholderiales: Burholderiaceae) en la zona bananera de Urabá (Colombia) [Genetic variability of the bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum (Burkholderiales: Burholderiaceae) in the banana-growing region of Uraba (Colombia)]. Revista de Biologia Tropical 58(1):31-44
------- in Uraba and Magdalena (Colombia), the main exporting regions of banana in Colombia, Moko disease (R. solanacearum [phylotype II]) causes a destruction estimated in 16.5 ha/year.

* Carstensen GD, Venter SN, Wingfield MJ and Coutinho TA (2017) Two Ralstonia species associated with bacterial wilt of Eucalyptus. Plant Patholology, 66: 393-403.
------- 16 isolates associated with bacterial wilt of Eucalyptus sp. in Colombia were identified as R. solanacearum [phylotype II sequevar unassigned]. This strain was also pathogenic to tomato and eggplant following inoculation. However, pathogenicity tests on Eucalyptus were unsuccessful.

* Cellier G, Remenant B, Chiroleu F, Lefeuvre P, Prior P (2012) Phylogeny and population structure of brown rot- and Moko disease-causing strains of Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype II. Appl Environ Microbiol. 78(7):2367-75. doi: 10.1128/AEM.06123-11.
-------Isolates of R. solanacearum [phylotype IIB-2] were collected in Colombia in the 1960's from plantain and potato.

* IICA (2018-06-05) Situación actual de la bacteria Ralstonia solanacerum Raza 3 Biovar 2 en Colombia.https://www.ica.gov.co/areas/agricola/servicios/epidemiologia-agricola/saf/notificacion-oficial/detalle-notificacion-oficial/situacion-actual-de-la-bacteria-ralstonia-solanace.aspx
------- declared "present under official control"

* Munar-Vivas O, Morales-Osorio JG, Castaneda-Sanchez DA (2010) Use of field-integrated information in GIS-based maps to evaluate Moko disease (Ralstonia solanacearum) in banana growing farms in Colombia. Crop Protection 29(9), 936-941.
------- Urabá region (department of Antioquia).

* Prieto Romo J, Gonzalo Morales OsorioI J, Salazar Yepes M (2012) Identification of new hosts for Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) race 2 from Colombia. Revista de Protección Vegetal 27, 151-161
------- R. solanacearum isolated from banana, plantain, and three other cultivated crops (Colocasia esculenta , Cucurbita maxima and Psidium guajava) and nine new weed hosts (Euphorbia graminea, Blechum piramidatum, Oxalis latifolia, Cuphea micrantha, Eleusine indica, Gliricidia sepium, Lobelalia xalapensis, Stachys lamioides and Salvia aff. lasiocephala)

* Ramírez M, Moncada RN, Villegas‐Escobar V, Jackson RW, Ramírez CA (2020) Phylogenetic and pathogenic variability of strains of Ralstonia solanacearum causing moko disease in Colombia. Plant Patholology, 69(1): 360-369.
------- Genetic diversity of 65 isolates from banana (AAA) and plantain (AAB) growing regions was determined. Isolates from the central region (i.e. Eastern plains and Andes and the northwest region (i.e. Urabá and a few strains from Magdalena were identified as R. solanacearum [phylotype IIB sequevar 4]; Isolates from the north coast region (Magdalena and a few strains from Urabá) were identified as R. solanacearum [phylotype IIA sequvar 6]. Only [PIIB-4] isolates from plantain in the central region caused bacterial wilt following inoculation into tomato.