'Candidatus Phytoplasma americanum'(PHYPAE)
Distribution details in Mexico
Current pest situation evaluated by EPPO on the basis of information dated
2026: Absent, unreliable record
From NPPO: Present, restricted distribution
Aster yellows group, New World type phytoplasma. Known as potato haywire in Canada.
From country itself: present in Guanajuato (León, Silao), México (Chapingo, Toluca valley: foothills of the Nevado del Toluca), Michoacan (Zamora), Nuevo León (Navidad), Puebla, Tlaxcala.
'Candidatus Phytoplasma americanum' was described in 2006 and corresponds to the 16Sr group 16Sr XVIII-A (Lee et al., 2006; Bertaccini et al., 2019 and 2022; Wei et al., 2022). The older references further down pre-date the description and may relate to other phytoplasma. No record mentioning presence of 'Ca. Phytoplasma americanum' in this country was found (at 2026-01).
In Mexico, the following subgroups were found associated with potato purple top: 16SrI, 16SrII, 16SrIII and 16SrXIII (Santos-Cervantes et al., 2010).
References cited in this comment:
* Santos-Cervantes ME, Chávez-Medina JA, Acosta-Pardini J, Flores-Zamora GL, Méndez-Lozano J, Leyva-López NE (2010) Genetic diversity and geographical distribution of phytoplasmas associated with potato purple top disease in Mexico. Plant Disease 94, 388-395.
* Lee IM, Bottner KD, Secor G, Rivera-Varas V (2006). ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma americanum’, a phytoplasma associated with a potato purple top wilt disease complex. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 56(7), 1593-1597. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64251-0
* Bertaccini A (2019) The phytoplasma classification between ‘Candidatus species’ provisional status and ribosomal grouping system (2019) Phytopathogenic Mollicutes 9(1), 1-2.
* Bertaccini A, Arocha-Rosete Y, Contaldo N, Duduk B, Fiore N, Montano HG, Kube M, Kuo C-H, Martini M, Oshima K, Quaglino F, Schneider B, Wei W, Zamorano A (2022). Revision of the ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma ’species description guidelines. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 72(4), 005353. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.005353
* Wei W, Zhao Y (2022) Phytoplasma Taxonomy: Nomenclature, Classification, and Identification. Biology 2022(11), 1119. 23pp. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11081119
From country itself: present in Guanajuato (León, Silao), México (Chapingo, Toluca valley: foothills of the Nevado del Toluca), Michoacan (Zamora), Nuevo León (Navidad), Puebla, Tlaxcala.
'Candidatus Phytoplasma americanum' was described in 2006 and corresponds to the 16Sr group 16Sr XVIII-A (Lee et al., 2006; Bertaccini et al., 2019 and 2022; Wei et al., 2022). The older references further down pre-date the description and may relate to other phytoplasma. No record mentioning presence of 'Ca. Phytoplasma americanum' in this country was found (at 2026-01).
In Mexico, the following subgroups were found associated with potato purple top: 16SrI, 16SrII, 16SrIII and 16SrXIII (Santos-Cervantes et al., 2010).
References cited in this comment:
* Santos-Cervantes ME, Chávez-Medina JA, Acosta-Pardini J, Flores-Zamora GL, Méndez-Lozano J, Leyva-López NE (2010) Genetic diversity and geographical distribution of phytoplasmas associated with potato purple top disease in Mexico. Plant Disease 94, 388-395.
* Lee IM, Bottner KD, Secor G, Rivera-Varas V (2006). ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma americanum’, a phytoplasma associated with a potato purple top wilt disease complex. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 56(7), 1593-1597. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64251-0
* Bertaccini A (2019) The phytoplasma classification between ‘Candidatus species’ provisional status and ribosomal grouping system (2019) Phytopathogenic Mollicutes 9(1), 1-2.
* Bertaccini A, Arocha-Rosete Y, Contaldo N, Duduk B, Fiore N, Montano HG, Kube M, Kuo C-H, Martini M, Oshima K, Quaglino F, Schneider B, Wei W, Zamorano A (2022). Revision of the ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma ’species description guidelines. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 72(4), 005353. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.005353
* Wei W, Zhao Y (2022) Phytoplasma Taxonomy: Nomenclature, Classification, and Identification. Biology 2022(11), 1119. 23pp. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11081119
* Cadena Hinojosa, M. A.; Galindo Alonso, J. (1985) Revista Mexicana de Fitopatologia 3 (2), 35-40.
* Mateo A., C.H.; Galindo A., J. (1985) Reducción de la incidencia de la "punta morada" de la papa por medio de fechas de siembra, genotipo de la planta y aplicación de insecticidas. Revista mexicana de fitopatología, pp. 100-105.
* Ramirez Martinez, M.; Ramos-Elorduy de Conconi, J. (1978) Agrociencia No. 34, 79-90.
* Mateo A., C.H.; Galindo A., J. (1985) Reducción de la incidencia de la "punta morada" de la papa por medio de fechas de siembra, genotipo de la planta y aplicación de insecticidas. Revista mexicana de fitopatología, pp. 100-105.
* Ramirez Martinez, M.; Ramos-Elorduy de Conconi, J. (1978) Agrociencia No. 34, 79-90.
| Country | State | Status | |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States of America | Texas | Present, no details | |
| United States of America | Nebraska | Present, no details | |
| United States of America | Present, restricted distribution | ||
| United States of America | Minnesota | Absent, unreliable record | |
| United States of America | Illinois | Absent, unreliable record | |
| United States of America | Ohio | Absent, unreliable record | |
| United States of America | Washington | Absent, unreliable record | |
| United States of America | Wisconsin | Absent, unreliable record | |
| United States of America | Montana | Absent, unreliable record | |
| United States of America | Pennsylvania | Absent, unreliable record |