EPPO Global Database

Monochamus alternatus(MONCAL)

Hosts

Important note about the classification of host plants in GD:
Categories have been assigned by the EPPO Secretariat on the basis of available data at the time of entry. They correspond to a qualitative evaluation of the importance of the host plant for the pest concerned and remain indicative only.
Further explanation of categories is available in the guide.
Organism Type
Abies fabri (ABIFA) Host
* Davis EE, Albrecht EM, Venette RC (2008) Exotic pine pests: survey reference. Monochamus alternatus. CAPS, cooperative agriculture pest survey, 63-74. https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fsbdev2_026444.pdf

* Kishi Y (1995) The pine wood nematode and the Japanese pine sawyer. Thomas Company Limited, Tokyo, 302 pp.
Abies firma (ABIFI) Host
* Lim J, Jung S-Y, Lim J-S, Jang J, Kim K-M, Lee Y-M, Lee B-W (2014) A review of host plants of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea) with new host records for fourteen Cerambycids, including the Asian longhorn beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky), in Korea. Korean Journal of Applied Entomology 53(2), 111-133.

* Lin MY, Perissinotto R, Clennell L (2021) Census of the longhorn beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae and Vesperidae) of the Macau SAR, China. ZooKeys 1049, 79-161. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1049.65558
------- Larval host.

* Togashi K, Kasuga H, Yamashita H, Iguchi K (2008) Effect of host tree species on larval body size and pupal-chamber tunnel of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology 43(2), 235–240.
------- Occasional host.
Abies holophylla (ABIHL) Host
* Lim J, Jung S-Y, Lim J-S, Jang J, Kim K-M, Lee Y-M, Lee B-W (2014) A review of host plants of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea) with new host records for fourteen Cerambycids, including the Asian longhorn beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky), in Korea. Korean Journal of Applied Entomology 53(2), 111-133.

* Lin MY, Perissinotto R, Clennell L (2021) Census of the longhorn beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae and Vesperidae) of the Macau SAR, China. ZooKeys 1049, 79-161. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1049.65558
------- Larval host.
Cedrus deodara (CEUDE) Host
* Kobayashi F, Yamane A, Ikeda T (1984) The Japanese pine sawyer beetle as the vector of pine wilt disease. Annual Review of Entomology 29, 115-135. 

* Lim J, Jung S-Y, Lim J-S, Jang J, Kim K-M, Lee Y-M, Lee B-W (2014) A review of host plants of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea) with new host records for fourteen Cerambycids, including the Asian longhorn beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky), in Korea. Korean Journal of Applied Entomology 53(2), 111-133.

* Lin MY, Perissinotto R, Clennell L (2021) Census of the longhorn beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae and Vesperidae) of the Macau SAR, China. ZooKeys 1049, 79-161. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1049.65558
------- Larval host.

* Ma RY, Hao SG, Kong WN, Sun JH, Kang L (2006) Cold hardiness as a factor for assessing the potential distribution of the Japanese pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in China. Annals of Forest Science 63(5), 449-456.
Cedrus libani (CEULI) Host
* Lin MY, Perissinotto R, Clennell L (2021) Census of the longhorn beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae and Vesperidae) of the Macau SAR, China. ZooKeys 1049, 79-161. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1049.65558
------- Larval host.
Cryptomeria japonica (CMYJA) Host
* Lim J, Jung S-Y, Lim J-S, Jang J, Kim K-M, Lee Y-M, Lee B-W (2014) A review of host plants of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea) with new host records for fourteen Cerambycids, including the Asian longhorn beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky), in Korea. Korean Journal of Applied Entomology 53(2), 111-133.

* Lin MY, Perissinotto R, Clennell L (2021) Census of the longhorn beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae and Vesperidae) of the Macau SAR, China. ZooKeys 1049, 79-161. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1049.65558
------- Larval host.
Cunninghamia lanceolata (CUHLA) Host
* Davis EE, Albrecht EM, Venette RC (2008) Exotic pine pests: survey reference. Monochamus alternatus. CAPS, cooperative agriculture pest survey, 63-74. https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fsbdev2_026444.pdf
------- As Cunninghamia sinensis.

* Duffy EAJ (1968) A Monograph of the Immature Stages of Oriental Timber Beetles (Cerambycidae). Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London.
------- As Cunninghamia sinensis.
Juniperus chinensis (IUPCH) Host
* Lin MY, Perissinotto R, Clennell L (2021) Census of the longhorn beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae and Vesperidae) of the Macau SAR, China. ZooKeys 1049, 79-161. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1049.65558
------- Larval host.
Larix gmelinii (LAXGM) Host
* Lin MY, Perissinotto R, Clennell L (2021) Census of the longhorn beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae and Vesperidae) of the Macau SAR, China. ZooKeys 1049, 79-161. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1049.65558
------- Larval host.
Larix kaempferi (LAXLE) Host
* Kobayashi F, Yamane A, Ikeda T (1984) The Japanese pine sawyer beetle as the vector of pine wilt disease. Annual Review of Entomology 29, 115-135. 
Picea abies (PIEAB) Host
* Lin MY, Perissinotto R, Clennell L (2021) Census of the longhorn beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae and Vesperidae) of the Macau SAR, China. ZooKeys 1049, 79-161. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1049.65558
------- As Picea excelsa, larval host.
Picea asperata (PIEAS) Host
* Davis EE, Albrecht EM, Venette RC (2008) Exotic pine pests: survey reference. Monochamus alternatus. CAPS, cooperative agriculture pest survey, 63-74. https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fsbdev2_026444.pdf

* Kishi Y (1995) The pine wood nematode and the Japanese pine sawyer. Thomas Company Limited, Tokyo, 302 pp.
Picea jezoensis subsp. hondoensis (PIEJH) Host
* Togashi K, Kasuga H, Yamashita H, Iguchi K (2008) Effect of host tree species on larval body size and pupal-chamber tunnel of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology 43(2), 235–240.
------- Occasional host.
Picea smithiana (PIESM) Host
* Duffy EAJ (1968) A Monograph of the Immature Stages of Oriental Timber Beetles (Cerambycidae). Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London.

* Kishi Y (1995) The pine wood nematode and the Japanese pine sawyer. Thomas Company Limited, Tokyo, 302 pp.

* Lin MY, Perissinotto R, Clennell L (2021) Census of the longhorn beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae and Vesperidae) of the Macau SAR, China. ZooKeys 1049, 79-161. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1049.65558
------- As Picea morinda, larval host.
Pinus armandii (PIUAR) Host
* Lin MY, Perissinotto R, Clennell L (2021) Census of the longhorn beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae and Vesperidae) of the Macau SAR, China. ZooKeys 1049, 79-161. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1049.65558
------- Larval host.

* Ma RY, Hao SG, Kong WN, Sun JH, Kang L (2006) Cold hardiness as a factor for assessing the potential distribution of the Japanese pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in China. Annals of Forest Science 63(5), 449-456.

* Nan J, Qi J, Yang Y, Zhao M, Liang C, He H, Wei C (2023) Population density and host preference of the Japanese pine sawyer (Monochamus alternatus) in the Qinling–Daba Mountains of China. Insects 14, 181. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14020181
Pinus banksiana (PIUBN) Host
* Lin MY, Perissinotto R, Clennell L (2021) Census of the longhorn beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae and Vesperidae) of the Macau SAR, China. ZooKeys 1049, 79-161. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1049.65558
------- Larval host.
Pinus bungeana (PIUBU) Host
* Ma RY, Hao SG, Kong WN, Sun JH, Kang L (2006) Cold hardiness as a factor for assessing the potential distribution of the Japanese pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in China. Annals of Forest Science 63(5), 449-456.
Pinus densiflora (PIUDE) Host
* Kobayashi F, Yamane A, Ikeda T (1984) The Japanese pine sawyer beetle as the vector of pine wilt disease. Annual Review of Entomology 29, 115-135. 

* Lim J, Jung S-Y, Lim J-S, Jang J, Kim K-M, Lee Y-M, Lee B-W (2014) A review of host plants of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea) with new host records for fourteen Cerambycids, including the Asian longhorn beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky), in Korea. Korean Journal of Applied Entomology 53(2), 111-133.

* Lin MY, Perissinotto R, Clennell L (2021) Census of the longhorn beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae and Vesperidae) of the Macau SAR, China. ZooKeys 1049, 79-161. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1049.65558
------- Larval host.

* Ma RY, Hao SG, Kong WN, Sun JH, Kang L (2006) Cold hardiness as a factor for assessing the potential distribution of the Japanese pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in China. Annals of Forest Science 63(5), 449-456.
Pinus elliottii (PIUEL) Host
* Kobayashi F, Yamane A, Ikeda T (1984) The Japanese pine sawyer beetle as the vector of pine wilt disease. Annual Review of Entomology 29, 115-135. 

* Lin MY, Perissinotto R, Clennell L (2021) Census of the longhorn beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae and Vesperidae) of the Macau SAR, China. ZooKeys 1049, 79-161. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1049.65558
------- Larval host.

* Ma RY, Hao SG, Kong WN, Sun JH, Kang L (2006) Cold hardiness as a factor for assessing the potential distribution of the Japanese pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in China. Annals of Forest Science 63(5), 449-456.
Pinus engelmannii (PIUEN) Host
* Davis EE, Albrecht EM, Venette RC (2008) Exotic pine pests: survey reference. Monochamus alternatus. CAPS, cooperative agriculture pest survey, 63-74. https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fsbdev2_026444.pdf

* Kishi Y (1995) The pine wood nematode and the Japanese pine sawyer. Thomas Company Limited, Tokyo, 302 pp.
Pinus greggii (PIUGG) Host
* Davis EE, Albrecht EM, Venette RC (2008) Exotic pine pests: survey reference. Monochamus alternatus. CAPS, cooperative agriculture pest survey, 63-74. https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fsbdev2_026444.pdf

* Kishi Y (1995) The pine wood nematode and the Japanese pine sawyer. Thomas Company Limited, Tokyo, 302 pp.
Pinus kesiya var. kesiya (PIUKK) Host
* Lin MY, Perissinotto R, Clennell L (2021) Census of the longhorn beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae and Vesperidae) of the Macau SAR, China. ZooKeys 1049, 79-161. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1049.65558
------- As Pinus khasya, larval host.
Pinus koraiensis (PIUKO) Host
* Lim J, Jung S-Y, Lim J-S, Jang J, Kim K-M, Lee Y-M, Lee B-W (2014) A review of host plants of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea) with new host records for fourteen Cerambycids, including the Asian longhorn beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky), in Korea. Korean Journal of Applied Entomology 53(2), 111-133.

* Lin MY, Perissinotto R, Clennell L (2021) Census of the longhorn beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae and Vesperidae) of the Macau SAR, China. ZooKeys 1049, 79-161. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1049.65558
------- Larval host.
Pinus leiophylla (PIULE) Host
* Davis EE, Albrecht EM, Venette RC (2008) Exotic pine pests: survey reference. Monochamus alternatus. CAPS, cooperative agriculture pest survey, 63-74. https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fsbdev2_026444.pdf

* Kishi Y (1995) The pine wood nematode and the Japanese pine sawyer. Thomas Company Limited, Tokyo, 302 pp.
Pinus luchuensis (PIULU) Host
* Kobayashi F, Yamane A, Ikeda T (1984) The Japanese pine sawyer beetle as the vector of pine wilt disease. Annual Review of Entomology 29, 115-135. 

* Lin MY, Perissinotto R, Clennell L (2021) Census of the longhorn beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae and Vesperidae) of the Macau SAR, China. ZooKeys 1049, 79-161. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1049.65558
------- Larval host.

* Ma RY, Hao SG, Kong WN, Sun JH, Kang L (2006) Cold hardiness as a factor for assessing the potential distribution of the Japanese pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in China. Annals of Forest Science 63(5), 449-456.
Pinus massoniana (PIUMA) Host
* Lin MY, Perissinotto R, Clennell L (2021) Census of the longhorn beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae and Vesperidae) of the Macau SAR, China. ZooKeys 1049, 79-161. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1049.65558
------- Larval host.

* Ma RY, Hao SG, Kong WN, Sun JH, Kang L (2006) Cold hardiness as a factor for assessing the potential distribution of the Japanese pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in China. Annals of Forest Science 63(5), 449-456.
------- Most susceptible pine species in China.

* Nan J, Qi J, Yang Y, Zhao M, Liang C, He H, Wei C (2023) Population density and host preference of the Japanese pine sawyer (Monochamus alternatus) in the Qinling–Daba Mountains of China. Insects 14, 181. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14020181

* Teale SA, Wickham JD, Zhang FeiPing, Su Jun, Chen Yi, Xiao Wei, Hanks LM, Millar JG (2011) A male-produced aggregation pheromone of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a major vector of pine wood nematode. Journal of Economic Entomology 104(5), 1592-1598. 
Pinus nigra (PIUNI) Host
* Davis EE, Albrecht EM, Venette RC (2008) Exotic pine pests: survey reference. Monochamus alternatus. CAPS, cooperative agriculture pest survey, 63-74. https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fsbdev2_026444.pdf

* Kishi Y (1995) The pine wood nematode and the Japanese pine sawyer. Thomas Company Limited, Tokyo, 302 pp.
Pinus oocarpa (PIUOO) Host
* Davis EE, Albrecht EM, Venette RC (2008) Exotic pine pests: survey reference. Monochamus alternatus. CAPS, cooperative agriculture pest survey, 63-74. https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fsbdev2_026444.pdf

* Kishi Y (1995) The pine wood nematode and the Japanese pine sawyer. Thomas Company Limited, Tokyo, 302 pp.
Pinus palustris (PIUPA) Host
* Davis EE, Albrecht EM, Venette RC (2008) Exotic pine pests: survey reference. Monochamus alternatus. CAPS, cooperative agriculture pest survey, 63-74. https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fsbdev2_026444.pdf

* Kishi Y (1995) The pine wood nematode and the Japanese pine sawyer. Thomas Company Limited, Tokyo, 302 pp.
Pinus parviflora (PIUPF) Host
* Davis EE, Albrecht EM, Venette RC (2008) Exotic pine pests: survey reference. Monochamus alternatus. CAPS, cooperative agriculture pest survey, 63-74. https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fsbdev2_026444.pdf

* Kishi Y (1995) The pine wood nematode and the Japanese pine sawyer. Thomas Company Limited, Tokyo, 302 pp.
Pinus pinaster (PIUPL) Host
* Kobayashi F, Yamane A, Ikeda T (1984) The Japanese pine sawyer beetle as the vector of pine wilt disease. Annual Review of Entomology 29, 115-135. 

* Ma RY, Hao SG, Kong WN, Sun JH, Kang L (2006) Cold hardiness as a factor for assessing the potential distribution of the Japanese pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in China. Annals of Forest Science 63(5), 449-456.
Pinus ponderosa (PIUPO) Host
* Davis EE, Albrecht EM, Venette RC (2008) Exotic pine pests: survey reference. Monochamus alternatus. CAPS, cooperative agriculture pest survey, 63-74. https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fsbdev2_026444.pdf

* Kishi Y (1995) The pine wood nematode and the Japanese pine sawyer. Thomas Company Limited, Tokyo, 302 pp.
Pinus radiata (PIURA) Host
* Davis EE, Albrecht EM, Venette RC (2008) Exotic pine pests: survey reference. Monochamus alternatus. CAPS, cooperative agriculture pest survey, 63-74. https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fsbdev2_026444.pdf

* Kishi Y (1995) The pine wood nematode and the Japanese pine sawyer. Thomas Company Limited, Tokyo, 302 pp.
Pinus rigida (PIURI) Host
* Lim J, Jung S-Y, Lim J-S, Jang J, Kim K-M, Lee Y-M, Lee B-W (2014) A review of host plants of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea) with new host records for fourteen Cerambycids, including the Asian longhorn beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky), in Korea. Korean Journal of Applied Entomology 53(2), 111-133.

* Lin MY, Perissinotto R, Clennell L (2021) Census of the longhorn beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae and Vesperidae) of the Macau SAR, China. ZooKeys 1049, 79-161. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1049.65558
------- Larval host.
Pinus strobus (PIUST) Host
* Lim J, Jung S-Y, Lim J-S, Jang J, Kim K-M, Lee Y-M, Lee B-W (2014) A review of host plants of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea) with new host records for fourteen Cerambycids, including the Asian longhorn beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky), in Korea. Korean Journal of Applied Entomology 53(2), 111-133.

* Lin MY, Perissinotto R, Clennell L (2021) Census of the longhorn beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae and Vesperidae) of the Macau SAR, China. ZooKeys 1049, 79-161. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1049.65558
------- Larval host.
Pinus tabuliformis (PIUTA) Host
* Ma RY, Hao SG, Kong WN, Sun JH, Kang L (2006) Cold hardiness as a factor for assessing the potential distribution of the Japanese pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in China. Annals of Forest Science 63(5), 449-456.

* Nan J, Qi J, Yang Y, Zhao M, Liang C, He H, Wei C (2023) Population density and host preference of the Japanese pine sawyer (Monochamus alternatus) in the Qinling–Daba Mountains of China. Insects 14, 181. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14020181
Pinus taeda (PIUTD) Host
* Lin MY, Perissinotto R, Clennell L (2021) Census of the longhorn beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae and Vesperidae) of the Macau SAR, China. ZooKeys 1049, 79-161. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1049.65558
------- Larval host.

* Ma RY, Hao SG, Kong WN, Sun JH, Kang L (2006) Cold hardiness as a factor for assessing the potential distribution of the Japanese pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in China. Annals of Forest Science 63(5), 449-456.
Pinus taiwanensis (PIUTW) Host
* Chen YM, Chao JT (1998) Three species of long-horned beetles feeding on Taiwan red pine. Taiwan Journal of Forest Science 13, 373-376.

* Ma RY, Hao SG, Kong WN, Sun JH, Kang L (2006) Cold hardiness as a factor for assessing the potential distribution of the Japanese pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in China. Annals of Forest Science 63(5), 449-456.
Pinus thunbergii (PIUTH) Host
* Kobayashi F, Yamane A, Ikeda T (1984) The Japanese pine sawyer beetle as the vector of pine wilt disease. Annual Review of Entomology 29, 115-135. 

* Lim J, Jung S-Y, Lim J-S, Jang J, Kim K-M, Lee Y-M, Lee B-W (2014) A review of host plants of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea) with new host records for fourteen Cerambycids, including the Asian longhorn beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky), in Korea. Korean Journal of Applied Entomology 53(2), 111-133.

* Lin MY, Perissinotto R, Clennell L (2021) Census of the longhorn beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae and Vesperidae) of the Macau SAR, China. ZooKeys 1049, 79-161. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1049.65558
------- Larval host.

* Ma RY, Hao SG, Kong WN, Sun JH, Kang L (2006) Cold hardiness as a factor for assessing the potential distribution of the Japanese pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in China. Annals of Forest Science 63(5), 449-456.
Pinus yunnanensis (PIUYU) Host
* Lin MY, Perissinotto R, Clennell L (2021) Census of the longhorn beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae and Vesperidae) of the Macau SAR, China. ZooKeys 1049, 79-161. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1049.65558
------- Larval host.

* Ma RY, Hao SG, Kong WN, Sun JH, Kang L (2006) Cold hardiness as a factor for assessing the potential distribution of the Japanese pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in China. Annals of Forest Science 63(5), 449-456.

* Yang ZX, Wang JM, Chen XM, Duan ZY, Ye SD (2010) [The vertical distribution characteristics of Monochamus alternatus on Pinus yunnanensis Trunks]. Forest Research 23(4), 607-611 (in Chinese).
Abies sachalinensis (ABISA) Experimental
* Togashi K, Kasuga H, Yamashita H, Iguchi K (2008) Effect of host tree species on larval body size and pupal-chamber tunnel of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology 43(2), 235–240.
Picea jezoensis (PIEJE) Experimental
* Togashi K, Kasuga H, Yamashita H, Iguchi K (2008) Effect of host tree species on larval body size and pupal-chamber tunnel of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology 43(2), 235–240.
Pinus echinata (PIUEC) Experimental
* Katsumi Togashi (2021) Effects of three host pine species on diapause induction and life-history traits of Monochamus alternatus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), Journal of Forest Research, 26:3, 230-236, DOI: 10.1080/13416979.2021.1885104
------- allow larval development in the lab.