Ralstonia solanacearum species complex(RALSSO)
Distribution details in Malaysia
Current pest situation evaluated by EPPO on the basis of information dated
2015: Present, widespread
From NPPO: Present, widespread
Ralstonia solanacearum and R. syzygii.
According to Zulperi & Sijam (2014): R. solanacearum [phylotype IIB-4] detected during a study (March 2011 to June 2012) on banana plants (Musa x paradisiaca cv. 'Horn') showing symptoms of Moko disease and collected from 12 different locations within 5 outbreak sites (Kedah, Selangor, Pahang, Negeri Sembilan, and Johor) in Peninsular Malaysia. In severely affected plantations, disease incidence exceeded 90%. The authors considered that this is the first record of Moko disease in Malaysia (which then questioned the validity of the previous records from CPPC or Williams).
According to Zulperi & Sijam (2014): R. solanacearum [phylotype IIB-4] detected during a study (March 2011 to June 2012) on banana plants (Musa x paradisiaca cv. 'Horn') showing symptoms of Moko disease and collected from 12 different locations within 5 outbreak sites (Kedah, Selangor, Pahang, Negeri Sembilan, and Johor) in Peninsular Malaysia. In severely affected plantations, disease incidence exceeded 90%. The authors considered that this is the first record of Moko disease in Malaysia (which then questioned the validity of the previous records from CPPC or Williams).
* Blomme G, Dita M, Jacobsen KS, Pérez VL, Molina A, Ocimati W, Poussier S, Prior P (2017) Bacterial Diseases of Bananas and Enset: Current State of Knowledge and Integrated Approaches Toward Sustainable Management. Frontiers in Plant Science 8, 1290 DOI=10.3389/fpls.2017.01290
* From CPPC (dated 1990)
------- Present, no details.
* ProMed posting (no. 20150331.3269023) of 2015-03-31. Moko disease: banana - Malaysia: (Penang). http://www.promedmail.org
------- Moko disease affected more than 150 ha of banana plantations in Penang.
* Teng SK, Aziz NAA, Mustafa M, Laboh R, Ismail IS, Sulaiman SR, Azizan AA, Devi S (2016) The occurrence of blood disease of banana in Selangor, Malaysia. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 18, 92–97.
------ Distribution of banana blood disease (R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis) phylotype IV in Selangor state (Peninsular Malaysia).
* Zulperi D, Sijam K (2014) First report of Ralstonia solanacearum race 2 biovar 1 causing Moko disease of banana in Malaysia. Plant Disease 98(2), p 275.
------- First report of Moko disease in West Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia).
* Zulperi D, Sijam K, Ahmad ZAM, Awang Y, Ismail SI, Asib N, Hata EM (2016) Genetic diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype II sequevar 4 strains associated with Moko disease of banana (Musa spp.) in Peninsular Malaysia. European Journal of Plant Pathology 144(2), 257-270.
------- R. solanacearum [phylotype IIB-4] confirmed in banana with Moko disease at 12 different locations of five outbreak states in Peninsular Malaysia comprising Kedah, Selangor, Pahang, Negeri Sembilan and Johor, with disease incidence exceeding 80 % in some severely affected plantations.
* Williams, T. H.; Liu, P. S. W. (1976) A host list of plant diseases in Sabah, Malaysia. Phytopathological Papers No. 19. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
------- moko disease in Sabah.
* From CPPC (dated 1990)
------- Present, no details.
* ProMed posting (no. 20150331.3269023) of 2015-03-31. Moko disease: banana - Malaysia: (Penang). http://www.promedmail.org
------- Moko disease affected more than 150 ha of banana plantations in Penang.
* Teng SK, Aziz NAA, Mustafa M, Laboh R, Ismail IS, Sulaiman SR, Azizan AA, Devi S (2016) The occurrence of blood disease of banana in Selangor, Malaysia. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 18, 92–97.
------ Distribution of banana blood disease (R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis) phylotype IV in Selangor state (Peninsular Malaysia).
* Zulperi D, Sijam K (2014) First report of Ralstonia solanacearum race 2 biovar 1 causing Moko disease of banana in Malaysia. Plant Disease 98(2), p 275.
------- First report of Moko disease in West Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia).
* Zulperi D, Sijam K, Ahmad ZAM, Awang Y, Ismail SI, Asib N, Hata EM (2016) Genetic diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype II sequevar 4 strains associated with Moko disease of banana (Musa spp.) in Peninsular Malaysia. European Journal of Plant Pathology 144(2), 257-270.
------- R. solanacearum [phylotype IIB-4] confirmed in banana with Moko disease at 12 different locations of five outbreak states in Peninsular Malaysia comprising Kedah, Selangor, Pahang, Negeri Sembilan and Johor, with disease incidence exceeding 80 % in some severely affected plantations.
* Williams, T. H.; Liu, P. S. W. (1976) A host list of plant diseases in Sabah, Malaysia. Phytopathological Papers No. 19. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
------- moko disease in Sabah.
| Country | State | Status | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Brunei Darussalam | Present, no details | ||
| Indonesia | Present, no details | ||
| Indonesia | Sulawesi | Present, no details | |
| Indonesia | Nusa Tenggara | Present, no details | |
| Indonesia | Irian Jaya | Present, no details | |
| Indonesia | Java | Present, no details | |
| Indonesia | Sumatra | Present, no details | |
| Singapore | Present, no details | ||
| Thailand | Present, no details |