'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali'(PHYPMA)
Distribution details in Norway
Current pest situation evaluated by EPPO on the basis of information dated
2012: Present, restricted distribution
First recorded in: 1996
Pest status declared by NPPO: Present, only in some areas, subject to official control (2012-07)
From CABI Disease map 761 (2013): Present, restricted distribution
First recorded in: 1996
Pest status declared by NPPO: Present, only in some areas, subject to official control (2012-07)
From CABI Disease map 761 (2013): Present, restricted distribution
According to Blystad et al. (2012), a survey in 1996 and 1997 revealed 14 diseased trees in orchards (various locations). Several of these cases were relatively old trees and it was suspected that infected material entered the country in the 1970s and has been spread to some extent by vegetative propagation. No conclusive evidence for natural spread by vectors was found. The infected trees at these locations were eradicated. From 2000 until 2008 only 2 or 3 infected trees were detected and eradicated.
EPPO Reporting Service (2011/133) : from 2009 to 2011, studies were conducted on Malus spp. (mainly Malus domestica) in commercial orchards (31), nurseries (4) and in 1 private garden. Results showed that the pathogen occurred in several municipalities in the counties of Telemark (Sauherad), Hordaland (Ullensvang) and Sogn og Fjordane (Sogndal, Leikanger, Lærdal, Aurland).
EPPO Reporting Service (2012/167) : more details about the survey results of 2011. The pathogen was detected in apple trees (in different 15 M. domestica cultivars) and in a few ornamental Malus. 139 positive samples (out of a total of 250) from different Norwegian counties, under official control.
EPPO Reporting Service (2011/133) : from 2009 to 2011, studies were conducted on Malus spp. (mainly Malus domestica) in commercial orchards (31), nurseries (4) and in 1 private garden. Results showed that the pathogen occurred in several municipalities in the counties of Telemark (Sauherad), Hordaland (Ullensvang) and Sogn og Fjordane (Sogndal, Leikanger, Lærdal, Aurland).
EPPO Reporting Service (2012/167) : more details about the survey results of 2011. The pathogen was detected in apple trees (in different 15 M. domestica cultivars) and in a few ornamental Malus. 139 positive samples (out of a total of 250) from different Norwegian counties, under official control.
* Blystad DR, Toppe B, Holst MA, Brurber MB (2012) Survey for apple proliferation in orchards close to nurseries in Norway. Abstract of a paper presented at the 22nd International Conference on virus and other graft transmissible diseases of fruit crops (Roma, 2012-06-3/8), p 12.
* Nemeth, M. (1986) Virus, mycoplasma and rickettsia diseases of fruit trees, 583-589. M. Nijhoff Publishers, Lancaster, Boston, Dordrecht.
* NPPO of Norway (2011-06, 2012-07).
* Nemeth, M. (1986) Virus, mycoplasma and rickettsia diseases of fruit trees, 583-589. M. Nijhoff Publishers, Lancaster, Boston, Dordrecht.
* NPPO of Norway (2011-06, 2012-07).
| Country | State | Status | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Southern Russia | Present, no details | |
| Russia | Present, no details |