Phyllosticta citricarpa(GUIGCI)
Distribution details in Eswatini
Current pest situation evaluated by EPPO on the basis of information dated
2019: Absent, unreliable record
From CABI Disease map 053 (2012): Present, restricted distribution
From CABI Disease map 053 (2012): Present, restricted distribution
Repeatedly intercepted (see below) in Europe on citrus consignments imported from Swaziland. The study of Stammler et al. (2013) includes isolates from Swaziland, but the situation of the disease is still unclear.
EPPO Reporting Service (2000/052) : intercepted in NL on orange from Swaziland, so possibly present there (interception).
EPPO Reporting Service (2011/062) : on imported citrus fruits by the Netherlands (interception).
EPPO Reporting Service (2013/246) : intercepted by the Netherlands and the UK on citrus imported from Swaziland (interceptions).
EPPO Reporting Service (2015/195) : intercepted by the UK on on a consignment of Citrus sinensis from Swaziland (interception).
EPPO Reporting Service (2017/208) : intercepted by the UK on Citrus paradisi imported from Swaziland (interception).
EPPO Reporting Service (2018/213) : intercepted by the UK on Citrus sinensis fruit imported from Swaziland (interception).
EPPO Reporting Service (2020/049) : intercepted by the UK on Citrus sinensis fruit imported from Swaziland (interception).
EPPO Reporting Service (2000/052) : intercepted in NL on orange from Swaziland, so possibly present there (interception).
EPPO Reporting Service (2011/062) : on imported citrus fruits by the Netherlands (interception).
EPPO Reporting Service (2013/246) : intercepted by the Netherlands and the UK on citrus imported from Swaziland (interceptions).
EPPO Reporting Service (2015/195) : intercepted by the UK on on a consignment of Citrus sinensis from Swaziland (interception).
EPPO Reporting Service (2017/208) : intercepted by the UK on Citrus paradisi imported from Swaziland (interception).
EPPO Reporting Service (2018/213) : intercepted by the UK on Citrus sinensis fruit imported from Swaziland (interception).
EPPO Reporting Service (2020/049) : intercepted by the UK on Citrus sinensis fruit imported from Swaziland (interception).
* Halueendo KLME. (2008) Impact assessment of citrus black spot Guignardia citricarpa Kiely in Southern Africa and an alternative approach in management strategies. Thesis, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
------- http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11192008-091812/unrestricted/dissertation.pdf.
* Paul I, Jaarsveld AS van, Korsten L, Hattingh V (2005) The potential global geographical distribution of citrus black spot caused by Guignardia citricarpa (Kiely): likelihood of disease establishment in the European Union. Crop Protection 24(4), 297-308.
* Stammler G, Schutte GC, Speakman J, Miessner S, Crous PW (2013) Phyllosticta species on citrus: risk estimation of resistance to QoI fungicides and identification of species with cytochrome b gene sequences. Crop Protection, 48, 6–12.
------- Three isolates of P. citricarpa from Swaziland (1 from Citrus sinensis and 2 from C. paradisi).
------- http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11192008-091812/unrestricted/dissertation.pdf.
* Paul I, Jaarsveld AS van, Korsten L, Hattingh V (2005) The potential global geographical distribution of citrus black spot caused by Guignardia citricarpa (Kiely): likelihood of disease establishment in the European Union. Crop Protection 24(4), 297-308.
* Stammler G, Schutte GC, Speakman J, Miessner S, Crous PW (2013) Phyllosticta species on citrus: risk estimation of resistance to QoI fungicides and identification of species with cytochrome b gene sequences. Crop Protection, 48, 6–12.
------- Three isolates of P. citricarpa from Swaziland (1 from Citrus sinensis and 2 from C. paradisi).
| Country | State | Status | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Congo, Democratic republic of the | Absent, confirmed by survey | ||
| Mozambique | Present, no details |