Cardiospermum halicacabum(CRIHA)
Distribution details in Panama
Current pest situation evaluated by EPPO on the basis of information dated
2019: Present, no details
There is a lot of uncertainty about the native range of Cardiospermum halicacabum.
Gildenhuys et al (2013) consider the species to be native to Panama.
Gildenhuys et al (2013) consider the species to be native to Panama.
* Dempsey MA (2011) Anatomical and morphological responses of Cardiospermum halicacabum l. (balloon vine), to four levels of water availability. MSc Dissertation University of North Texas
* Gildenhuys E, Ellis AG, Carroll SP, Le Roux JJ (2013) The ecology, biogeography, history and future of two globally important weeds: Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn. and C. grandiflorum Sw. NeoBiota 19: 45–65. doi: 10.3897/neobiota.19.5279
* Gildenhuys E, Ellis AG, Carroll SP, Le Roux JJ (2013) The ecology, biogeography, history and future of two globally important weeds: Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn. and C. grandiflorum Sw. NeoBiota 19: 45–65. doi: 10.3897/neobiota.19.5279