New data on quarantine pests and pests of the EPPO Alert List
By browsing through the literature, the EPPO Secretariat has extracted the following new data concerning quarantine pests and pests included on the EPPO Alert List. The situation of the pest concerned is indicated in bold, using the terms of ISPM no. 8.
New records
Cylindrocladium buxicola (EPPO Alert List) occurs in France. Its presence was confirmed by the NPPO of France during the EPPO Panel meeting on Phytosanitary Measures (Paris, 2007-03-06/09).
Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae – EPPO A2 List) and Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae – EPPO A2 List) are both present in Morocco. Although these pests have been introduced some years ago, the EPPO Secretariat had previously no information about their occurrence (Bounfour et al., 2005). Present, no detail.
In Chile, Impatiens necrotic spot virus (Tospovirus – EPPO A2 List) was detected during a survey done in 2001/2002 on virus diseases of Capsicum annuum (Sepúlveda et al., 2005). Present, no detail.
Liriomyza sativae (Diptera: Agromyzidae – EPPO A2 List) occurs in Iran. It is considered one of the most important pests affecting cucumbers (Fathipour et al., 2006). Present, no detail.
Detailed records
Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae – EPPO A1 List) occurs in Zhejiang, China (Chen et al., 2006).
Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae – EPPO A1 List) occurs in Madhya Pradesh, India (Verma, 2005).
In Mexico, Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (Crinivirus – EPPO A2 List) was identified for the first time in the state of Sonora in autumn 2006. Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), melon (Cucumis melo) and squash (Cucurbita pepo) crops were severely affected by the virus (ProMed, 2007).
Studies were done on sweet cherry (Prunus avium) viruses in Honshu, Japan. Leaf samples were collected from cherry trees in Aomori, Iwate and Yamagata prefectures. RT-PCR tests revealed the presence of the following viruses: Little cherry virus-1 (EU Annexes - in 14% of the samples), Little cherry virus-2 (EU Annexes - 65%), Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (14%), Cherry virus A (49%) and Cherry green ring mottle virus (92%) (Isogai et al., 2004).
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (Begomovirus – EPPO A2 List) occurs in Texas (US). It was first detected in September 2006 on tomatoes grown from transplants (Isakeit et al., 2007)
Host plants
In Uruguay, Phakopsora pachyrhizi (EPPO Alert List) was observed on leaves of Neonotonia wightii (Fabaceae). This is the first time that natural infection of soybean rust has been observed on this perennial plant (Morel et al., 2007).
During studies done in Florida (US) on Ralstonia solanacearum (EPPO A2 List) infecting irrigated tomato crops, it was found that aquatic weeds such as Polygonum pennsylvaticum (Polygonaceae) and Hydrocotyle ranunculoides (Apiaceae - EPPO A2 List) could harbour the bacterium and therefore constitute sources of inoculum (Hong et al., 2005).
In Northern Florida (US), Tomato spotted wilt virus (Tospovirus, TSWV - EPPO A2 List) was detected on Physalis ixocarpa plants (tomatillo) showing symptoms in spring 2004 and 2005. It is the first time that TSWV has been detected on field-grown tomatillo in Florida (Adkins et al., 2006).
Diagnostics
Real-time and conventional RT-PCR tests were developed for the detection of Potato yellow vein virus (Crinivirus, PYVV - EPPO A1 List). These assays are considered useful for the implementation of quarantine measures against PYVV and routine indexing for the production of virus-free seed potatoes in areas of South America where the virus is highly damaging (Lopez et al., 2006).
Sources
Adkins S, Momol MT, Dankers H, Reitz S, Olson S (2006) First report of Tomato spotted wilt virus in tomatillo in Florida. Plant Health Progress, June, 1-2.
Bounfour M, Jebbour F, Wadjinny J (2005) Biological traits of invasive insect species harmful to Moroccan agriculture. In Plant protection and plant health in Europe: introduction and spread of invasive species. BCPC Conference, Humbolt University (DE), 2005-06-09/11, 95-100.
Chen JH, Xu ZH, Chen WM, Jin GR, Wang ZL (2006) [Notes on five species of fruit flies in Zhejiang province.] Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis 18(1), 28-31 (abst.).
Fathipour Y, Haghani M, Talebi AA, Baniameri V, Zamani AA ( 2006) Natural parasitism of Liriomyza sativae (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on cucumber under field and greenhouse conditions. Bulletin OILB/SROP 29(4), 163-168 (abst.).
Hong J, Ji, P, Momol MT, Jones JB, Olson SM, Pradhanang P, Guven K (2005) Ralstonia solanacearum detection in tomato irrigations ponds and weeds. In Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Tomato Diseases, Orlando, Florida (US), 2004-06-21/24. Acta Horticulturae no. 695, 309-311 (abst.).
Isakeit T, Idris AM, Sunter G, Black MC, Brown JK (2007) Tomato yellow leaf curl virus in tomato in Texas, originating from transplant facilities. Plant Disease 91(4), p 466.
Isogai M, Aoyagi J, Nakagawa M, Kubodera Y, Satoh K, Katoh T, Inamori M, Yamashita K, Yoshikawa N (2004) Molecular detection of five cherry viruses from sweet cherry trees in Japan. Journal of General Plant Pathology 70(5), 228-291 (abst.).
Lopez R, Asensio C, Guzman MM, Boonham N (2006) Development of real-time and conventional RT-PCR assays for the detection of potato yellow vein virus (PYVV). Journal of Virological Methods 136(1/2), 24-29 (abst.).
Morel W, Miles MR, Hernández JR, Stone CL, Frederick RD (2007) First report of Phakopsora pachyrhizi, cause of soybean rust, on Neonotonia wightii in Paraguay. Plant Disease 91(3), p 325.
NPPO of France, 2007.
Promed posting of 2007-03-24. Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus – USA (Arizona), Mexico (Sonora): first reports, 2006. http://www.promedmail.org
Sepúlveda RP, Larraín SP, Quiroz EC, Rebufel AP, Graña SF (2005) [Identification and incidence of pepper viruses in north central Chile and their association with vectors.] Agricultura Técnica 65(3), 235-245 (in Spanish) (abst.).
Verma R (2005) Management of fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis and B. zonata, through behavioural approach in Madhya Pradesh, India. JNKVV Research Journal 38(1), 45-50 (abst.).