Prunus serotina in Europe
Prunus serotina (Rosaceae: EPPO List of Invasive Alien Plants) is a tree species native to North America. The species was first introduced into the EPPO region in the 17th century as an ornamental tree for parks and gardens. Since then, it has become a problematic species in parts of the EPPO region where it can cause negative environmental impacts. A range of ecological characteristics allows P. serotina to effectively colonise new habitats. P. serotina has a fast growth rate, produces a large number of viable seeds with high germination rates. These seeds can persist in the soil seed bank for up to five years. Seedlings are shade tolerant enabling the plant to grow beneath the canopy of other species. P. serotina can resprout following disturbance, increasing the survival of individuals following management. In addition, it has a high tolerance to a wide range of environmental conditions. The extent of the spread and impact of P. serotina varies regionally. It is included on national lists of invasive species or ‘blacklists’ in many European countries. In France, P. serotina is classified as regionally invasive. In other countries, such as Austria, Slovenia, and Spain, P. serotina is listed as a threat. In Denmark, it is included on the Danish Nature Agency’s Black List, and in Sweden, it is recognised as one of the ten most problematic alien vascular plants.
Sources
Kušková K, Kutlvašr J, Stanek M, Nssen B, Perglová I, Starfinger U, Vanhellemonth M, Pergl J (2026) Prunus serotina in Europe: A comprehensive review of ecology, impacts and management of an invasive tree. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 71 125932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2026.125932