First report of Eleocharis caduca in Montenegro
Eleocharis caduca (Poaceae) is an annual grass species native to Africa. In Europe, the status of E. caduca is considered uncertain. In Italy, E. caduca is considered as a native species. In 2023, E. caduca was reported for the first time in Montenegro in the south-east of the country in a coastal area near the town of Donji Štoj. Here, E. caduca forms a stable population on areas that have been managed by heavy machinery. Currently the population covers approximately one hectare. The introduction pathway is unknown but it is likely that the species has entered as a contaminant of used machinery. Alternatively, the population may have been introduced by migratory birds, from known populations in North Africa or Italy. E. caduca is considered an established alien plant in Montenegro.
Sources
Mesterházy A, Romanov R, Verloove F (2025) Eleocharis caduca (Cyperaceae), a new alien species in Montenegro and the Balkan Peninsula. Phytologia Balcanica 31, 81-86