EPPO Global Database

EPPO Reporting Service no. 06 - 2025 Num. article: 2025/159

Viruses, virus-like diseases and viroids of grapevine that should not be regulated


In addition to the recent work done on phantom agents of fruit crops (EPPO RS 2025/130), a review was recently conducted by a group of virologists from over 120 institutions worldwide to consider additional viruses, virus-like diseases, and viroids that should not be subject to regulatory oversight in relation to grapevine. The list includes nine viruses, nine viroids, 14 virus-like diseases, and 129 presumed viruses of the grapevine, that are not phantom agents but should be excluded from regulation or should not be regulated. This list is anticipated to assist policy makers adopt regulations that expedite the safe exchange of Vitis germplasm across regulatory boundaries while reducing incentives for illicit introductions. 


Table 1 Virus and viroids that should not be regulated on grapevine because they have no impact on grapevine

Name

Acronym

EPPO Code

Reason why they should not be regulated

Cherry leafroll virus (Nepovirus avii)

CLRV

CLRV00

Latent infection, no impact

Grapevine asteroid mosaic-associated virus (Marafivirus asteroides)

GAMaV

GAMAV0

Latent infection, no impact

Grapevine fleck virus (Maculavirus vitis)

GFkV

GFKV00

Latent infection, no impact

Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 7 (Velarivirus septemvitis)

GLRaV7

GLRAV7

Latent infection, no impact

Grapevine Red Globe virus

GRGV

GRGV00

Latent infection, no impact

Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (Foveavirus rupestris)

GRSPaV

GVRSP0

Latent infection, no impact

Grapevine rupestris vein feathering virus

GRVFV

GRVFV0

Latent infection, no impact

Grapevine Syrah virus 1 (Marafivirus syrahense)

GSyV1

GSYV10 

Latent infection, no impact

Grapevine-associated marafivirus

GaMV

-

Latent infection, no impact

Australian grapevine viroid (Apscaviroid austravitis)

AGVd

AGVD00

No impact

Citrus exocortis viroid (Pospiviroid exocortiscitri=

CEVd

CEVD00

No impact

Grapevine hammerhead viroid

GHVd

-

No impact

Grapevine latent viroid

GLVd

-

No impact

Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 (Apscaviroid alphaflavivitis)

GYSVd1

GYSVD1

No impact

Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 2 (Apscaviroid betaflavivitis)

GYSVd2

GYSVD2

No impact

Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 3

GYSVd3

-

No impact

Hop stunt viroid (Hostuviroid impedihumuli)

HSVd

HSVD00

No impact

Japanese grapevine viroid

JGVd

-

No impact


Among the 14 virus-like diseases of uncertain etiology and limited impact that should not be regulated, the following have EPPO Codes: Ajinashika (associated with grapevine Ajinashika-associated virus - GAV000), Vein necrosis (GVVN00) and Vein mosaic (GVVM00).


Finally the article lists 129 viruses that include grapevine in their name because they were first identified when characterizing the microbiome of grapevines by HTS, but that should not be regulated because they probably do not use grapevine as a host. None of them have an EPPO Code.



Sources

Fuchs M, Rwahnih MA, Blouin AG, Burger J, Chooi KM, Constable F, Ertunc F, Fiore N, Habili N, Hily JM, Katis N (2025) A list of eclectic viruses, virus-like diseases and viroids of grapevines that should not be considered for regulatory oversight: a global plea from virologists. Journal of Plant Pathology 107, 847-858. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-025-01871-9