Alien plants of Kyrgyzstan
Table 1 presents a list of 151 species of vascular plants reported from Kyrgyzstan and considered alien to this country. In total, 58 species are considered naturalised, 92 species are considered transient and for one species the status is uncertain. The species comprise 38 plant families with a predominance of Asteraceae. Of the 151 species, one species, Cuscuta campestris is considered to have a major negative impact and nine others (as indicated in the table), are considered to have moderate negative impacts.
Table 1. Alien plants of Kyrgyzstan
Species | Family | Status | native area |
Abutilon theophrasti | Malvaceae | naturalised | China |
Agrostemma githago | Caryophyllaceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Ailanthus altissima** | Simaroubaceae | naturalised | China |
Alkekengi officinarum | Solanaceae | transient | Caucasus-China |
Allium atroviolaceum | Amaryllidaceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Amaranthus albus | Amaranthaceae | naturalised | Americas |
Amaranthus blitoides | Amaranthaceae | naturalised | Americas |
Amaranthus blitum | Amaranthaceae | transient | cultivation |
Amaranthus caudatus | Amaranthaceae | transient | Americas |
Amaranthus cruentus | Amaranthaceae | transient | Americas |
Amaranthus retroflexus | Amaranthaceae | naturalised | Americas |
Ambrosia artemisiifolia | Asteraceae | naturalised | Americas |
Ammannia auriculata | Lythraceae | transient | Americas, Africa, Asia |
Anthemis ruthenica | Asteraceae | naturalised | Mediterranean |
Anthriscus caucalis | Apiaceae | naturalised | Mediterranean |
Apium graveolens | Apiaceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Armoracia rusticana | Brassicaceae | transient | cultivation |
Arrhenatherum elatius | Poaceae | naturalised | C. Europe-Mediterranean |
Asclepias syriaca | Apocynaceae | transient | Americas |
Atriplex oblongifolia | Amaranthaceae | naturalised | C.E. Europe Caucasus, Kazakhstan |
Avena fatua | Poaceae | naturalised | Mediterranean |
Ballota nigra | Lamiaceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Bellis perennis | Asteraceae | transient | C. Europe-Mediterranean |
Bidens frondosa | Asteraceae | naturalised | Americas |
Borago officinalis | Boraginaceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Brassica juncea | Brassicaceae | transient | Asia Minor-Caucasus-Iran |
Brassica rapa subsp. sylvestris | Brassicaceae | transient | Asia Minor-Caucasus-Iran |
Bryonia alba | Cucurbitaceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Bunias orientalis | Brassicaceae | naturalised | E. Europe-Caucasus |
Camelina sativa | Brassicaceae | transient | cultivation |
Carduus acanthoides | Asteraceae | naturalised | Eurasia |
Carduus albidus | Asteraceae | naturalised | Mediterranean |
Caucalis platycarpos | Apiaceae | naturalised | Mediterranean |
Centaurea cyanus | Asteraceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Centaurea solstitialis | Asteraceae | naturalised | Mediterranean |
Cephalaria syriaca | Caprifoliaceae | transient | Asia Minor-Caucasus-Iran |
Cerastium nemorale | Caryophyllaceae | naturalised | Caucasus-Iran |
Chaerophyllum bulbosum | Apiaceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Chaerophyllum temulum | Apiaceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Chelidonium majus | Papaveraceae | naturalised | Mediterranean |
Chenopodiastrum murale | Amaranthaceae | naturalised | Mediterranean |
Chenopodium vulvaria | Amaranthaceae | naturalised | Mediterranean |
Convolvulus dahuricus | Convolvulaceae | transient | E. Asia |
Coreopsis tinctoria | Asteraceae | transient | America |
Cota tinctoria | Asteraceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Crambe orientalis | Brassicaceae | naturalised | Asia Minor-Caucasus-Iran |
Cucumis melo | Cucurbitaceae | transient | Africa |
Cuscuta campestris* | Convolvulaceae | naturalised | Americas |
Cuscuta chinensis** | Convolvulaceae | naturalised | China |
Cyperus rotundus | Cyperaceae | transient | Africa-Asia |
Datura innoxia | Solanaceae | transient | Americas |
Datura stramonium | Solanaceae | naturalised | Americas |
Delphinium hispanicum | Ranunculaceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Echinochloa crus-galli | Poaceae | naturalised | Mediterranean |
Echinochloa oryzoides | Poaceae | transient | Asia |
Echinocystis lobata | Cucurbitaceae | naturalised | Americas |
Erigeron annuus** | Asteraceae | naturalised | Americas |
Erigeron canadensis** | Asteraceae | naturalised | Americas |
Erigeron lilacinus | Asteraceae | transient | Americas |
Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa | Brassicaceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Fagopyrum tataricum | Polygonaceae | transient | China |
Galeopsis ladanum | Lamiaceae | naturalised | Mediterranean |
Galinsoga parviflora | Asteraceae | transient | Americas |
Galinsoga quadriradiata | Asteraceae | transient | Americas |
Glaucium corniculatum | Papaveraceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Glechoma hederacea | Lamiaceae | naturalised | Europe-Mediterranean |
Hemerocallis fulva | Asphodelaceae | transient | E. Asia |
Hesperis matronalis | Brassicaceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Hesperis pycnotricha | Brassicaceae | transient | C. Europe-Mediterranean |
Hibiscus trionum | Malvaceae | naturalised | Mediterranean |
Hirschfeldia incana | Brassicaceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Hyoscyamus niger | Solanaceae | naturalised | Mediterranean |
Iva xanthiifolia | Asteraceae | transient | Americas |
Lapsana communis | Asteraceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Lathyrus chloranthus | Fabaceae | transient | Asia Minor-Caucasus-Iran |
Lathyrus cicera | Fabaceae | naturalised | Mediterranean |
Lathyrus sativus | Fabaceae | transient | cultivation |
Leucanthemum vulgare | Asteraceae | transient | C. Europe-Mediterranean |
Linum usitatissimum | Linaceae | transient | Asia Minor-Caucasus-Iran |
Lolium multiflorum | Poaceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Lolium perenne | Poaceae | transient | C. Europe-Mediterranean |
Malva sylvestris | Malvaceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Malva verticillata | Malvaceae | transient | China |
Matricaria chamomilla | Asteraceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Matricaria discoidea | Asteraceae | transient | Americas |
Medicago sativa | Fabaceae | naturalised | C. Europe-Mediterranean |
Moricandia arvensis | Brassicaceae | naturalised | Mediterranean |
Morus alba | Moraceae | transient | China |
Nicandra physalodes | Solanaceae | transient | Americas |
Nigella sativa | Ranunculaceae | transient | Asia Minor-Caucasus-Iran |
Nonea pulla | Boraginaceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Oenothera biennis | Onagraceae | transient | Americas |
Oxalis corniculata | Oxalidaceae | naturalised | China |
Pastinaca sativa | Apiaceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Persicaria orientalis | Polygonaceae | transient | E. Asia |
Petrorhagia prolifera | Caryophyllaceae | naturalised | Mediterranean |
Phacelia tanacetifolia | Boraginaceae | transient | Americas |
Phelipanche aegyptiaca** | Orobanchaceae | naturalised | Mediterranean |
Physalis ixocarpa | Solanaceae | transient | Americas |
Pilosella aurantiaca** | Asteraceae | naturalised | C. Europe |
Pimpinella anisum | Apiaceae | transient | Asia Minor |
Portulaca granulatostellulata | Portulacaceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Portulaca nitida | Portulacaceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Prunus domestica | Rosaceae | transient | cultivation |
Raphanus raphanistrum | Brassicaceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Rapistrum rugosum | Brassicaceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Reseda lutea | Resedaceae | naturalised | Mediterranean |
Reseda luteola | Resedaceae | naturalised | Mediterranean |
Rorippa austriaca | Brassicaceae | transient | C. Europe-Mediterranean |
Rorippa sylvestris | Brassicaceae | naturalised | C. Europe-Mediterranean |
Rubus praecox | Rosaceae | transient | Europe |
Rudbeckia hirta | Asteraceae | transient | America |
Salvia aethiopis | Lamiaceae | naturalised | Mediterranean, C. Asia |
Salvia verticillata | Lamiaceae | unknown | Mediterranean |
Saponaria officinalis | Caryophyllaceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Secale cereale | Poaceae | transient | Asia Minor |
Senecio vulgaris | Asteraceae | transient | Europe-Mediterranean |
Setaria italica | Poaceae | transient | cultivation |
Sigesbeckia orientalis | Asteraceae | transient | Africa-Asia-Australia |
Silphium perfoliatum | Asteraceae | transient | Americas |
Sisymbrium officinale | Brassicaceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Solanum nigrum | Solanaceae | naturalised | Asia |
Solanum villosum | Solanaceae | naturalised | Mediterranean |
Sonchus arvensis | Asteraceae | naturalised | Eurasia |
Sonchus asper | Asteraceae | naturalised | Mediterranean |
Sonchus oleraceus | Asteraceae | naturalised | Mediterranean |
Sorghum halepense | Poaceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Spergula arvensis | Caryophyllaceae | transient | C. Europe-Mediterranean |
Spergularia rubra | Caryophyllaceae | naturalised | C. Europe-Mediterranean |
Stizolophus balsamita | Asteraceae | naturalised | Asia Minor-Caucasus-Iran |
Symphytum asperum | Boraginaceae | transient | Asia Minor-Caucasus-Iran |
Tanacetum coccineum | Asteraceae | transient | Asia Minor-Caucasus-Iran |
Taraxacum officinale | Asteraceae | naturalised | Europe |
Thladiantha dubia | Cucurbitaceae | transient | E. Asia |
Tragus racemosus | Poaceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Tripleurospermum inodorum | Asteraceae | transient | Asia Minor-Caucasus-Iran |
Ulmus pumila | Ulmaceae | transient | China |
Urtica urens | Urticaceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Vaccaria hispanica | Caryophyllaceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Vallisneria spiralis | Hydrocharitaceae | naturalised | Mediterranean |
Veronica hederifolia | Plantaginaceae | naturalised | Mediterranean |
Vicia ervilia | Fabaceae | transient | Asia Minor-Caucasus-Iran |
Vicia hybrida | Fabaceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Vicia narbonensis | Fabaceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Vicia sativa | Fabaceae | transient | Asia Minor-Caucasus-Iran |
Vicia villosa | Fabaceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Viola prionantha | Violaceae | naturalised | E. Asia |
Xanthium orientale** | Asteraceae | naturalised | Americas |
Xanthium spinosum** | Asteraceae | naturalised | Americas |
Xanthium strumarium | Asteraceae | transient | Mediterranean |
Xeranthemum annuum** | Asteraceae | naturalised | Mediterranean |
* = alien species with major impacts; ** = alien species with moderate impacts
Sources
Sennikov AN, Lazkov GA (2024) Alien plants of Kyrgyzstan: The first complete inventory, distributions and main patterns. Plants 13, 286. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13020286