Erysiphe corylacearum, an emerging pathogen of hazelnut in the EPPO region
Native to East Asia, Erysiphe corylacearum is a new powdery mildew of hazelnuts (Corylus spp.) which was first observed in Turkey in 2013 and has since rapidly extended its distribution range in the Middle East, the Caucasus as well as in Eastern and Central Europe. The species is believed to originate in Asia (China, Japan, Korean Peninsula, Russian Far East) and has been reported as an invasive pathogen in hazelnut orchards (Corylus avellana) in Turkey, Iran and Georgia where it causes serious damage to nut production. Symptoms are observed on the upper leaf surface, on shoots and on fruit clusters including husks. The disease was more recently reported from Southern Russia, the Ukraine, Switzerland, Italy and Austria. In the EPPO region it was observed in orchards for nut production, as well as on trees growing in mixed deciduous forests, hedges as well as in city gardens and parks.
E. corylacearum may already be present in other European countries between Ukraine and Italy and seems to be spreading westwards. Recent phylogenic and taxonomic studies showed that the isolates from North America on Corylus cornuta, which were previously assigned to E. corylacearum constitute a species of its own, named Erysiphe cornutae, sp. nov.
A distribution map is available in the EPPO Global Database: https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/ERYSCY/distribution
Sources
Arzanlou M, Torbati M, Golmohammadi H (2018) Powdery mildew on hazelnut (Corylus avellana) caused by Erysiphe corylacearum in Iran. Forest Pathology 48, e12450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/efp.12450
Beenken L, Brodtbeck T, De Marchi R (2020) First record of Erysiphe corylacearum on Corylus avellana in Switzerland and in central Europe. New Disease Reports 41, 11. https://doi.org/10.5197/j.2044-0588.2020.041.011
Bradshaw M, Braun U, Meeboon J, Tobin P (2021) Phylogeny and taxonomy of powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe species on Corylus hosts, Mycologia https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2020.1837568
Heluta VP, Makarenko NV, Al-Maali GA (2019) First records of Erysiphe corylacearum (Erysiphales, Ascomycota) on Corylus avellana in Ukraine. Ukrainian Botanical Journal 76, 252-259. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ukrbotj76.03.252
Heluta VP, Fokshei SI (2020) New records of an alien fungus Erysiphe corylacearum (Erysiphales, Ascomycota) in Ukraine. Plant & Fungal Research 3, 11-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/plantfungalres.64
Meparishvili G, Gur L, Frenkel O, Gorgiladze L, Meparishvili S, Muradashvili M, Koiava L, Dumbadze R, Reuveni M, Jabnidze R (2019) First report of powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe corylacearum on hazelnuts in Georgia. Plant Disease 103, 2952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-19-1053-PDN
Mezzalama M, Guarnaccia V, Martano G, Spadaro D (2020) Presence of powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe corylacearum on hazelnut (Corylus avellana) in Italy. Plant Disease early view. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-20-2281-PDN
Sezer A, Dolar FS, Lucas SJ, Köse Ç, Gümüş E (2017) First report of the recently introduced, destructive powdery mildew Erysiphe corylacearum on hazelnut in Turkey. Phytoparasitica 45, 577–581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600-017-0610-1
Voglmayr H, Zankl T, Krisai-Greilhuber I, Kirisits T (2020) First report of Erysiphe corylacearum on Corylus avellana and C. colurna in Austria. New Disease Reports 42, 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5197/j.2044-0588.2020.042.014