New data on quarantine pests and pests of the EPPO Alert List
By searching through the literature, the EPPO Secretariat has extracted the following new data concerning quarantine pests and pests included (or formerly included) on the EPPO Alert List, and indicated in bold the situation of the pest concerned using the terms of ISPM no. 8.
- New records
Ceroplastes japonicus (Hemiptera: Coccidae) is reported for the first time from Slovakia. Dead scale insects were found on Ilex sp. in the glasshouse of a garden centre (municipality of Rozhanovce) which had carried out an insecticide treatment before samples were taken (NPPO of Slovakia, 2019). Transient, non-actionable.
During a survey on pospiviroids in potato (Solanum tuberosum), Chrysanthemum stunt viroid (Pospiviroid, CSVd – EPPO A2 List) was identified from naturally infected potato plants in Russia (Nizhny Novgorod and Novgorod regions) in 2018. The potato plants were asymptomatic. This is the first report of this viroid in Russia (Matsushita et al., 2019), and of natural infection on potato. Present: only in some areas.
In Colombia during surveys in Antioquia region, Chrysanthemum stunt viroid (Pospiviroid, CSVd – EPPO A2 List) was isolated from a commercial field of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema spp.), as well as from the weed Oxalis latifolia. This is the first report of CSVd for Colombia (Gobatto et al., 2019). Present: only in some areas.
Grapevine red blotch virus (Grablovirus, GRBV – EPPO Alert List) occurs in Mexico. A study was conducted in 2016-2017 in the major wine producing region (i.e. region of Ensenada in Baja California), and GRBV was detected for the first time in 2017 in symptomatic grapevines (Vitis vinifera cv. Nebbiolo) (Gasperin-Bulbarela et al., 2019). Present: only in some areas.
- Detailed records
During surveys in 2010-2015, Chrysanthemum stunt viroid (Pospiviroid, CSVd – EPPO A2 List) and Chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid (Pelamoviroid, CChMVd) were found in chrysanthemum plants (Dendranthema x grandiflorum) exhibiting severe symptoms in the main chrysanthemum-growing regions of India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu) (Adkar-Purushothama et al., 2017). Present, no details.
Grapevine red blotch virus (Grablovirus, GRBV – EPPO Alert List) occurs in Missouri, USA. In 2016, the virus was detected in hybrid grapevines (Vitis sp.). A survey will be carried out to determine the incidence of GRBV in the commonly grown hybrid grapevines grown in Missouri (Schoelz et al., 2019).
Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (EPPO A2 List) occurs in Fujian province, China. Symptoms of bacterial canker were first observed in 2016/2017 on 3-year-old plants (Actinidia chinensis cv. Hongyang) in an orchard (15 ha) in Fuan city. In this orchard, the disease incidence reached 70-80 %. It is noted that further studies are needed to determine the distribution of P. syringae pv. actinidiae in Fujian province and that quarantine measures are needed to prevent any further spread (Dai et al., 2019).
In France, an outbreak of Melampsora medusae (EPPO A2 List) was detected in October 2017 on clones of three poplar (Populus spp.) varieties (Albelo, Dano, and Koster) grown in a nursery producing poplar plants in the department of Gers (Aquitaine region). The incidence of the disease was very low. Surveys should be conducted in the area around the nursery for two years (NPPO of France, 2018). Present, at low prevalence.
- Eradication
Xanthomonas fragariae (EPPO A2 List) was found in Finland in a strawberry fruit production site in 2011 (EPPO RS 2011/243). Phytosanitary measures were applied and the bacterium is now considered to be eradicated (NPPO of Finland, 2018). The pest status of Xanthomonas fragariae in Finland is officially declared as: Absent, pest eradicated.
Paysandisia archon (Lepidoptera: Castniidae – EPPO A2 List) was found in Germany in January 2016 in a glasshouse of a nursery located near Halle in Saxony-Anhalt (EPPO RS 2017/033). Phytosanitary measures were applied and the pest is now considered to be eradicated (NPPO of Germany, 2018). The pest status of Paysandisia archon in Germany is officially declared as: Absent, pest eradicated.
Sources
Adkar-Purushothama CR, Chennappa G, Poornachandra Rao K, Sreenivasa MY, Maheshwar PK, Nagendra Prasad MN, Sano T (2017) Molecular diversity among viroids infecting chrysanthemum in India. Virus Genes 53(4), 636–642. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-017-1468-5
Dai Y, Chen Y, Gan L, Lan C, Gao M, Yang X (2019) First report of bacterial canker of kiwifruit caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in Fujian province, China. Plant Disease 103(1), p 143.
Gasperin-Bulbarela J, Licea-Navarro AF, Pino-Villar C, Hernández-Martínez R, Carrillo-Tripp J (2019) First report of Grapevine red blotch virus in Mexico. Plant Disease 103(2), p 381.
Gobatto D, Araújo de Oliveira L, Andrade de Siqueira Franco D, Velásquez N, Daròs J-A, Eiras M (2019) Surveys in the chrysanthemum production areas of Brazil and Colombia reveal that weeds are potential reservoirs of Chrysanthemum stunt viroid. Viruses 11, 355. doi:10.3390/v11040355
Matsushita Y, Yanagisawa H, Khiutti A, Mironenko N, Ohto Y, Afanasenko O (2019) First report of chrysanthemum stunt viroid isolated from potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants in Russia. Journal of General Plant Pathology, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10327-019-00851-z
NPPO of Finland (2018-10).
NPPO of France (2018-03).
NPPO of Germany (2018-02).
NPPO of Slovakia (2019-06).
Schoelz JE, Adhab M, Qiu W, Petersen S, Volenberg D (2019) First report of Grapevine red blotch virus in hybrid grapes in Missouri. Plant Disease 103(2), p 379.