Human perception of pine invasions in Chilean Araucaria araucana forests
Tree invasions are increasing on a global scale, causing major problems for biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being. In South America, conifer invasions occur across many ecosystems and while studies have addressed the ecological consequences of these invasions, little is known about social perceptions and people's attitudes toward their control. The social perceptions on the negative impact of invasive conifers can include recreational, cultural and conservation aspects. A questionnaire was handed to visitors at the Malalcahuello National Reserve (Araucania region of Chile) during both summer and winter months to evaluate perceptions about invasive pine species (Pinus spp.) and their effects on the endangered Araucaria araucana forests. In these endangered forests, Pinus contorta and other cold-tolerant non-native pines have invaded the region and reduce native biodiversity. The questionnaire included images of summer and winter landscapes showing both native trees and non-native pines. Both summer and winter visitors preferred Araucaria araucana dominated forests. The majority (63%) of winter respondents said they were aware of pine invasion in the Reserve and this was even higher for summer visitors (86%). Almost half (46.5%) of all the visitors expressed their willingness to pay for pine control and after being given a brief explanation about impacts of pine species, this number rose to 79%. The results show that there is a variation in how people assess the threat of invasive pine species in natural areas, but education, even in a very brief format can help to increase awareness of the problem and build social and financial support for their control.
Sources
Bravo-Vargas V, Garcia RA, Pizarro JC, Pauchard A (2018) Do people care about pine invasions? Visitor perceptions and willingness to pay for pine control in a protected area. Journal of Environmental management. DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.07.018