Interactions between alien goldenrods (Solidago and Euthamia species) and native species in Central Europe
The success of invasive alien plant species depends on their biological traits, the environmental characteristics of the invaded areas and the biological interactions with native plant species. Most invasive plant species are more competitive than native species, with the strongest competition expected between species that share similar ecological niches and/or those species that are closely related. The American goldenrod species (Solidago and Euthamia species) are successful invaders in Europe and their presence and domination in areas is often correlated to a decrease in native plant species and associated invertebrate populations. The competitive ability of Solidago gigantea and S. canadensis (both EPPO List of Invasive Alien Plants), and S. altissima and E. graminifolia was compared with two native species; S. virgaurea and Tanacetum vulgare in a classic replacement series experiment. The total yield of each species was compared by growing each in mixtures and as a monoculture. The results show that the invasive Solidago species had similar competitive abilities. All invasive alien plant species outcompeted the native species though the competitive ability of E. graminifolia was superior and reduced the biomass of all other species.
Sources
Szymura M, Szymura T (2016) Interactions between alien goldenrods (Solidago and Euthamia species) and comparison with native species in Central Europe. Flora, 218, 51-61