United States weed risk assessments are available
In the USA, USDA-APHIS (Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service) conducts weed risk assessments which are available online (see link below). For each species evaluated by APHIS, the table below indicates its origin, and its known distribution in the EPPO region according to the DAISIE and Euro+Med databases. Most of these assessments were conducted with the new APHIS weed risk assessment procedure, based on a predictive model which calculates the probabilities for a plant species to be a non-invader, minor-invader, or major-invader. Probabilities and conclusions from the assessment are summarized below.
|
Species
|
Origin
|
Distribution in the EPPO region
|
Conclusions of the assessment for the USA
|
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Acacia nilotica (Fabaceae)
|
Africa, India
|
DZ, IL
|
Overall medium-high risk species
|
|
Acalypha australis (Euphorbiaceae)
|
Russian Far East, China, Japan, Philippines
|
TR
|
Evaluate further, minor invader at 65%
|
|
Achyranthes japonica (Amaranthaceae)
|
Eastern Asia
|
/
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 77%
|
|
Ageratina riparia (Asteraceae)
|
Mexico
|
ES (Canarias, Gomera, La Palma, Tenerife), PT (Madeira)
|
Overall medium-high risk species
|
|
Althaea armeniaca (Malvaceae)
|
Eastern Mediterranean and Southwestern Asia
|
Native in AM, AZ, GE, RU, SK, TR, UA
|
Overall low risk, minor invader at 51%
|
|
Anubias barteri (Araceae)
|
Africa
|
/
|
Overall low risk, non-invader at 89%
|
|
Araujia sericifera (Asclepiadaceae, EPPO Observation List of IAP)
|
South America
|
ES, FR (incl. Corse), GR, IT (incl. Sicilia), PT (incl. Azores, Madeira)
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 87%
|
|
Arctotheca calendula (Asteraceae, EPPO Alert List)
|
South Africa
|
ES (incl. Canarias), FR (Incl. Corse), IL, IT (incl. Sardegna, Sicilia), MA, PT (Incl. Azores), TN
|
Overall high risk
|
|
Ardisia crenata (Primulaceae)
|
Southeast Asia
|
/
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 59%
|
|
Arundo donax (Poaceae)
|
Northern Africa, Middle East, Southeast Asia
|
Widespread
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 71%
|
|
Austroderia richardii (Poaceae)
|
New Zealand
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FR, GB
|
Overall high risk, minor invader at 51%
|
|
Bacopa australis (Plantaginaceae)
|
South America
|
/
|
Evaluate further, minor invader at 67%
|
|
Cardiospermum grandiflorum (Sapindaceae, EPPO List of Invasive Alien Plants)
|
Tropical Africa, Central and South America
|
ES (Canarias), IT (Sicilia), MT, PT (Madeira)
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 79%
|
|
Carex breviculmis (Cyperaceae)
|
Australia, New Zealand, Southern and Eastern Asia
|
/
|
Evaluate further, minor invader at 69%
|
|
Carex pendula (Cyperaceae)
|
Europe, West Asia, North Africa
|
Widespread
|
Evaluate further, minor invader at 59%
|
|
Cestrum laevigatum (Solanaceae)
|
South America
|
/
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 56%
|
|
Chrysanthemoides monilifera (Asteraceae)
|
South-Africa
|
ES, FR, IT (Sicilia)
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 76%
|
|
Chrysopogon aciculatus (Poaceae)
|
Tropical areas of Asia, Australia and the Pacific
|
/
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 89%
|
|
Colophospermum mopane (Fabaceae)
|
Southern Africa
|
/
|
Overall low risk, non-invader at 59%
|
|
Cordia curassavica (Boraginaceae)
|
Central America and Caribbean
|
/
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 55%
|
|
Cortaderia jubata (Poaceae)
|
South America
|
ES
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 91%
|
|
Cortaderia selloana (Poaceae, EPPO List of IAP)
|
South America
|
Widespread
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 87%
|
|
Crassula helmsii (Crassulaceae, EPPO A2 List)
|
Australia and New Zealand
|
BE, DE, DK, ES, FR, GB, NL, PT, RU
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 95%
|
|
Delairea odorata (Asteraceae, EPPO List of IAP)
|
South Africa
|
FR, GB, IE, IT, PT (incl. Azores, Madeira)
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 77%
|
|
Dittrichia graveolens (Asteraceae)
|
Mediterranean Basin
|
Widespread
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 92%
|
|
Dolichandra unguis-cati (Bignoniaceae)
|
Central and South America, Caribbean
|
/
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 67%
|
|
Echinochloa pyramidalis (Poaceae)
|
Africa
|
/
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 73%
|
|
Echinodorus uruguayensis (Alismataceae)
|
South America
|
/
|
Overall low risk, minor invader at 51%
|
|
Euphorbia terracina (Euphorbiaceae)
|
Europe, Mediterranean Basin
|
Widespread
|
Overall medium-high risk
|
|
Falcaria vulgaris (Apiaceae)
|
Europe, Asia
|
Widespread
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 79%
|
|
Geranium lucidum (Geraniaceae)
|
Europe, North Africa, Central Asia
|
Widespread
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 79%
|
|
Gladiolus undulatus (Iridaceae)
|
South Africa
|
PT (Azores)
|
Overall high risk, minor invader at 54%
|
|
Gymnocoronis spilanthoides (Asteraceae, EPPO Observation list of IAP)
|
South America
|
/
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 84%
|
|
Hakea gibbosa (Proteaceae)
|
Australia
|
/
|
Overall high risk, minor invader at 57%
|
|
Hakea salicifolia (Proteaceae)
|
Australia
|
FR, PT
|
Overall high risk, minor invader at 70%
|
|
Hakea sericea (Proteaceae, EPPO List of IAP)
|
Australia
|
ES, FR, PT
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 56%
|
|
Homeria spp. (Iridaceae)
|
South Africa
|
/
|
Overall high risk species
|
|
Hedychium gardnerianum (Zingiberaceae)
|
India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan
|
PT (incl. Azores, Madeira)
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 83%
|
|
Impatiens parviflora (Balsaminaceae)
|
Asia
|
Widespread
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 89%
|
|
Inula britannica (Asteraceae)
|
Europe, Asia
|
Widespread
|
Overall medium-high risk species
|
|
Ipomoea aquatica (Convolvulaceae)
|
Southeast Asia
|
/
|
Overall medium-high risk species
|
|
Iris pseudacorus (Iridaceae)
|
Europe
|
Widespread
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 81%
|
|
Leptochilus pteropus (Polypodaceae)
|
Southeast Asia
|
/
|
Overall low risk, minor invader at 51%
|
|
Ligustrum sinense (Oleaceae)
|
Southeast Asia
|
IT, PT (Madeira)
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 75%
|
|
Limnobium laevigatum (Hydrocharitaceae)
|
Central and South America, Caribbean
|
/
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 89%
|
|
Luziola subintegra (Poaceae)
|
Americas
|
/
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 80%
|
|
Lygodium microphyllum, L. japonicum, L. flexuosum (Lygodiaceae)
|
Asia
|
/
|
Overall medium-high risk species
|
|
Mikania micrantha (Asteraceae)
|
Central and South America, Caribbean
|
/
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 95%
|
|
Stipa neesiana (Poaceae, EPPO Observation List of IAP)
|
South America
|
ES, FR (incl; Corse)
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 98%
|
|
Neptunia oleracea (Fabaceae)
|
South America
|
/
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 73%
|
|
Nymphoides cristata (Menanthyaceae)
|
India, Asia
|
/
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 66%
|
|
Nymphoides indica (Menanthyaceae)
|
Tropical America and Asia
|
/
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 63%
|
|
Nymphoides peltata (Menanthyaceae)
|
Europe, Asia
|
Widespread
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 92%
|
|
Onopordum acaulon (Asteraceae)
|
Mediterranean Basin
|
Widespread
|
Overall medium-high risk.
|
|
Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. undulatifolius (Poaceae)
|
Temperate, subtropical and tropical areas of the world (including Mediterranean Basin)
|
Widespread
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 80%
|
|
Persicaria chinensis (Polygonaceae)
|
Asia
|
/
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 91%
|
|
Phyllanthus maderaspatensis (Phyllanthaceae)
|
Tropical Africa
|
/
|
Evaluate further, minor invader at 68%
|
|
Phyllostachys aurea (Poaceae)
|
China and Japan
|
FR (Corse)
|
Overall high risk, minor invader at 54%
|
|
Phyllostachys aureosulcata (Poaceae)
|
China
|
?
|
Overall high risk, minor invader at 69%
|
|
Pilea hyalina (Urticaceae)
|
Tropical America, Antilles
|
/
|
Evaluate further, minor invader at 70%
|
|
Pistacia chinensis (Anacardiaceae)
|
China
|
/
|
Overall high risk, minor invader at 59%
|
|
Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Poaceae)
|
Tropical Asia
|
/
|
Overall high risk species
|
|
Rumex sagittatus (Polygonaceae)
|
Africa
|
/
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 54%
|
|
Sagittaria sagittifolia (Alismataceae)
|
Europe, Asia
|
Widespread
|
Overall medium-high risk species
|
|
Senecio angulatus (Asteraceae)
|
South Africa
|
ES (incl. Baleares, Canarias), FR (incl. Corse), HR, IT (incl. Sardegna, Sicilia), PT
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 67%
|
|
Senecio inaequidens (Asteraceae, EPPO List of IAP)
|
South Africa
|
Widespread
|
Overall high risk species
|
|
Senecio madagascariensis (Asteraceae)
|
Southern Africa
|
/
|
Overall high risk species
|
|
Sideritis montana (Lamiaceae)
|
Europe, Mediterranean Basin
|
Widespread
|
Overall high risk, minor invader at 56%
|
|
Solanum sisymbriifolium (Solanaceae)
|
South America
|
BE, ES, IT (incl. Sardegna)
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 82%
|
|
Solanum viarum (Solanaceae)
|
South America
|
/
|
Overall high risk species
|
|
Thymelaea passerina (Thymeleaceae)
|
Europe, Asia
|
Widespread
|
Overall high risk, minor invader at 61%
|
|
Toona sinensis (Meliaceae)
|
Asia
|
/
|
Overall high risk, minor invader at 70%
|
|
Tridax procumbens (Asteraceae)
|
Central America
|
/
|
Overall high risk species
|
|
Triplaris melaenodendron (Polygonaceae)
|
Central America
|
/
|
Evaluate further, minor invader at 64%
|
|
Vitex rotundifolia (Lamiaceae)
|
Asia
|
/
|
Overall high risk, major invader at 80%
|
|
Wikstroemia indica (Thymeleaceae)
|
Southeast Asia, Australia
|
/
|
Evaluate further, minor invader at 67%
|
|
Xanthoceras sorbifolium (Sapindaceae)
|
Asia
|
/
|
Overall low risk, non-invader at 81%
|
Sources
DAISIE database http://www.europe-aliens.org/
Euro+Med PlantBase http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/query.asp
USDA, Noxious Weeds Program Risk Assessments. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/wps/portal/banner/help?1dmy;urile=wcm