EPPO Global Database

EPPO Reporting Service no. 03 - 2014 Num. article: 2014/060

Invasive alien species in Norway


A set of semi-quantitative criteria to assess ecological impacts of alien species have been developed in Norway. Classification of alien species into impact categories combines 9 criteria, of which 3 determine the species’ invasion potential and 6 the ecological effect. The criteria are the following: A-expected lifetimes, B1- spread velocity and B2- increase in occupied area, C-colonisation of habitat type, D-interactions with native threatened or rare species, E-interactions with other species, F- changes in threatened or rare habitat type, G- changes in other habitat type, H-genetic introgression, I-host for parasite or pathogen.
By combining invasion potential (small, restricted, moderate, high), and ecological effect (no known, minor, medium, major), the species is then placed into one of the five impact categories: severe, high, potentially high, low, or no known impact.
Following these criteria, 2320 species have been assessed in Norway (all types of organisms considered). The alien plants falling in the severe impact category are listed in the table below, with information on their area of origin and their indicative distribution in the EPPO region (according to the NOBANIS and DAISIE databases).

Species
Origin
Distribution in EPPO region as alien
Acer pseudoplatanus (Sapindaceae)
Europe, Caucasus
BE, EE, IE, GB, LT, NL, NO, PT (Azores, Madeira), SE
Achillea nobilis (Asteraceae)
Eurasia
DK, EE, LV, LT, NO, SE
Allium schoenoprasum subsp. schoenoprasum (Amaryllidaceae)
Cosmop.
NO
Amelanchier alnifolia (Rosaceae)
N-Am.
DE, DK, EE, FI, NO, SE
Amelanchier lamarckii (Rosaceae)
N-Am.
BE, DK, FI, FR, DE, GB, IT, NL, NO, SE
Amelanchier spicata (Rosaceae)
N-Am.
AT, DE, DK, EE, FI, LV, LT, NO, PL, SE, RU
Arabis caucasica (Brassicaceae)
Caucasus
AT, BE, CH, CZ, DE, DK, FR, IE, NO, PT (Madeira), SE
Arctium tomentosum (Asteraceae)
Eurasia
CZ, DK, FI, GL, NO, SE
Barbarea vulgaris (Brassicaceae)
Eurasia, N-Af.
DK, NO, SJ
Berberis thunbergii (Berberidaceae)
Asia
AT, DE, DK, FI, GB, LV, NL, NO, SE
Calystegia sepium subsp. spectabilis (Convolvulaceae)
Asia
NO
Campanula latifolia var.; macrantha (Campanulaceae)
Eur.
DK, NO
Cerastium tomentosum (Caryophyllaceae)
S-Eur.
AT, BE, DE, DK, EE, GB, IE, NL, NO, SE
Clematis alpina (Ranunculaceae)
Eurasia
NO
Cornus sericea (Cornaceae)
N-Am.
BE, DE, CH, GB IE, LV, NL, PL, RU
Corydalis solida (Papaveraceae)
Eurasia, Af.
DK, NO, SE
Cotoneaster bullatus (Rosaceae)
Asia
DK, IE, NO, SE
Cotoneaster dielsianus (Rosaceae)
Asia
AT, DE, DK, GB, NO, SE
Cotoneaster divaricatus (Rosaceae)
Asia
AT, DE, DK, GB, EE, NO, SE
Cotoneaster horizontalis (Rosaceae)
Asia
AT, BE, DK, IE, LT, NL, NO, PL, SE
Cotoneaster lucidus (Rosaceae)
Asia
DK, EE, FI, GB, LV, NO, PL, SE
Cotoneaster multiflorus (Roasaceae)
Asia
DK, GB, NO, SE
Cotoneaster salicifolius (Roasaceae)
Asia
BE, GB, IE, IT, NO
Elodea canadensis (Hydrocharitaceae)
N-Am.
Very widespread
Elodea nuttalli (Hydrocharitaceae, EPPO List of Invasive Alien Plants)
N-Am.
Widespread
Epilobium ciliatum subsp. ciliatum ;(Onagraceae)
Asia, Am.
NO
Epilobium ciliatum subsp. glandosum (Onagraceae)
N-Am.
NO
Fallopia x bohemica (Polygonaceae, EPPO List of IAP)
Asia
Widespread
Fallopia japonica (Polygonaceae, EPPO List of IAP)
Asia
Widespread
Fallopia sachalinensis (Polygonaceae, EPPO List of IAP, EPPO List of IAP)
Asia
Widespread
Festuca rubra commutata (Poaceae)
Eur.
NO
Geum macrophyllum (Rosaceae)
Asia, N-Am.
BE, DK, GB, IS, NL, NO, RU, SE
Heracleum mantegazzianum (Apiaceae, EPPO List of IAP)
Asia (Caucasus)
Widespread
Heracleum persicum (Apiaceae, EPPO A2 List)
Asia
DK, FI, IS, NO, SE, TR
Impatiens glandulifera (Balsaminaceae, EPPO List of IAP)
Asia
Widespread
Impatiens parviflora (Balsaminaceae)
Asia
Widespread
Laburnum alpinum (Fabaceae)
Eur.
GB, NO, SE
Laburnum anagyroides (Fabaceae)
Eur.
Widespread
Lamiastrum galeobdolon subsp. galeobdolon (Lamiaceae)
Eurasia
NO
Larix decidua (Pinaceae)
Eur.
DK, EE, LT, NL, NO, SE
Lepidium latifolium (Brassicaceae)
Eurasia, Af.
AT, BE, ES (Baleares), IE, LV, LT, NO, SE
Linaria repens (Plantaginaceae)
Eur.
Widespread
Lonicera caerulea (Caprifoliaceae)
N-Hemis
FI, NO, SE
Lotus corniculatus var. sativus (Fabaceae)
Eurasia, Af.
NO
Lupinus nootkatensis (Fabaceae)
N-Am.
FI, IS, NO, SE
Lupinus perennis (Fabaceae)
N-Am.
NO, SE
Lupinus polyphyllus (Fabaceae)
N-Am.
Widespread
Malus x domestica (Rosaceae)
Hort.
Widespread
Melilotus albus (Fabaceae)
Eurasia, Af.
Widespread
Myrrhis odorata (Apiaceae)
Eur.
Widespread
Odontites verna subsp. serotina
Eurasia
NO
Pastinaca sativa var. hortensis (Apiaceae)
Eurasia
NO
Phedimus hybridus (Crassulaceae)
Eurasia
NO, SE
Picea sitchensis (Pinaceae)
N-Am.
DK, EE, FR, GB, IS, IE, NO, PL, SE
Pinus mugo (Pinaceae)
Eur.
NO
Pinus strobus (Pinaceae)
N-Am.
CZ, DK, NO, PL, RU, SE
Populus x berolinensis (Salicaceae)
Hort.
DE, DK, EE, FR, GB, IT, LV, PL
Populus balsamifera (Salicaceae)
N-Am.
DE, DK, EE, FI, GB, LT, LV, NO, PL, RU, SE
Ribus rubrum (Grossulariaceae)
Eur.
Widespread
Rosa rugosa (Rosaceae, EPPO List of IAP)
Asia
Widespread
Salix x fragilis (Salicaceae)
Hort.
?
Salix euxina (Salicaceae)
Eurasia
NO
Solidago canadensis (Asteraceae, EPPO List of IAP)
N-Am.
Widespread
Sorbus intermedia (Rosaceae)
Eur.
DE, GB, IE, LV, NO, SE
Sorbus mougeotii (Rosaceae)
Eur.
DK, NO
Thymus praecox (Lamiaceae)
Eur.
NO
Tsuga heterophylla (Pinaceae)
N-Am.
DK, FR, GB, NO, SE
Vinca minor (Rauvolfioideae)
Eurasia
Widespread
Vincetoxicum rossicum (Apocynaceae)
Eur.
NO
Viola odorata (Violaceae)
Eurasia, Af.
Widespread

Sources

Gederaas L, Moen TL, Skjelseth S, Larsen LK (eds.) (2012) Alien species in Norway – with the Norwegian Black List 2012. The Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre, Norway. 212 pp.
Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe (DAISIE), database. http://www.europe-aliens.org/
European Network on Invasive Alien Species, NOBANIS database. http://www.nobanis.org/