Invasive alien plants in Finland
On the 15th of March 2012, the Finish government adopted a Resolution on Finland’s National Strategy on Invasive Alien Species, at the proposal of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.
In the framework of this strategy, a list of invasive alien plants and a list of potentially invasive alien plants for Finland have been elaborated. These lists are provided below, with the origin of the species according to USDA/GRIN and their situation in the EPPO region according to the CABI, DAISIE and NOBANIS databases.
The list of invasive alien plants for Finland is composed of the following species:
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Species
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Origin
|
Situation in the EPPO region
|
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Amelanchier spicata (Rosaceae, EPPO List of Invasive Alien Plants)
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N-Am.
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AT, BE, BG, CZ, DK, DE, EE, FI, FR, GB, LV, LT, NL, NO, PL, RU, SE, UA
|
|
Aster x salignus (Asteraceae)
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Horticulture hybrid
|
Widespread
|
|
Avena fatua (Poaceae)
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Af., As., Eur.
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Native in part of the EPPO region
|
|
Calystegia sepium (Convolvulaceae)
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Cosmop.
|
Native in part of the EPPO region, established in CZ, DK, DE, FI, FR, GB, IE, NO, SE
|
|
Elodea canadensis (Hydrocharitaceae)
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N-Am.
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Widespread
|
|
Epilobium ciliatum (Onagraceae)
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As. Temp, N-Am, S- Am.
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Widespread
|
|
Fallopia japonica (Polygonaceae, EPPO List of IAP)
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As. Temp.
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Widespread
|
|
Fallopia sachalinensis (Polygonaceae, EPPO List of IAP)
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As. Temp.
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Widespread
|
|
Fallopia x bohemica (Polygonaceae, EPPO List of IAP)
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Hybrid
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Widespread
|
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Galium album (Rubiaceae)
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Eur.
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Native in part of the EPPO region, established in DK, FI, NO, SE
|
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Galium x pomeranicum (Rubiaceae)
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Hybrid
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Not recorded
|
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Glyceria maxima (Poaceae)
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As. Temp, Eur.
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Native in part of the EPPO region, established in FI, FO, IE, NO, SE
|
|
Heracleum persicum (Apiaceae, EPPO A2 List)
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Middle East
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DK, EE, FI, NO, SE
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Heracleum mantegazzianum (Apiaceae, EPPO List of IAP)
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Caucasus
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Widespread
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Heracleum sosnowskyi (Apiaceae, EPPO A2 List)
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Caucasus
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Native in AM, GE, RU, TR established in AZ, BY, EE, DE, HU, LV, LT, PL, RU, TR, UA
|
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Impatiens capensis (Balsaminaceae)
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N-Am.
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DE, DK, FI, FR, GB, NL, PL
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Impatiens glandulifera (Balsaminaceae, EPPO List of IAP)
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As. Trop.
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Widespread
|
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Impatiens parviflora (Balsaminaceae)
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As. Temp.
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Widespread
|
|
Lupinus polyphyllus (Fabaceae, EPPO Observation List of IAP)
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N-Am.
|
Widespread
|
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Petasites hybridus (Asteraceae)
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As. Temp., Eur.
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Native in part of the EPPO region, established in DK, EE, FI, LV, LT, NO, SE
|
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Rorippa sylvestris (Brassicaceae)
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As., Eur.
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Native in part of the EPPO region, established in FI, NO, SE
|
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Rosa rugosa (Rosaceae)
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As.
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Widespread
|
|
Sambucus racemosa (Adoxaceae)
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As. Temp., Eur., N-Am.
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Native in part of the EPPO region, established in DK, EE, FI, GB, LV, LT, NO, RU, SE
|
|
Solidago altissima (Asteraceae)
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N-Am.
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RU
|
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Solidago canadensis (Asteraceae, EPPO List of IAP)
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N-Am.
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Widespread
|
|
Solidago gigantea (Asteraceae, EPPO List of IAP)
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N-Am.
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Widespread
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The list of potentially invasive alien plants for Finland is composed of the following species:
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Species
|
Origin
|
Situation in the EPPO region
|
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Abies balsamea (Pinaceae)
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N-Am.
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FI, LV, SE
|
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Abies sibirica (Pinaceae)
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As. Temp., Eur.
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Native in part of the EPPO region, established in EE, FI, SE
|
|
Acer pseudoplatanus (Sapindaceae)
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As. Temp., Eur.
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Native in part of the EPPO region, widely established in BE, BY, DE, DK, EE, FI, GB, IE, LV, LT, MT, NL, NO, PT, RU, SE, UA
|
|
Alopecurus myosuroides (Poaceae)
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Af., As. Temp. and Trop., Eur.
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Native in part of the EPPO region, established in CZ, DE, DK, EE, GB, SE, SI, SK
|
|
Amaranthus retroflexus (Chenopodiaceae)
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N-Am.
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Widespread
|
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Ambrosia artemisiifolia (Asteraceae, EPPO List of IAP)
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N-Am.
|
Widespread
|
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Anagallis arvensis (Primulaceae)
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Af., As. Temp and Trop., Eur.
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Native in part of the EPPO region, established in CZ, DK, GB, NO, SE
|
|
Bromus sterilis (Poaceae)
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Af., As. Temp., Eur.
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Native in part of the EPPO region, established in CZ, DE, DK, EE, GB, LT, SE
|
|
Ceratophyllum submersum (Ceratophyllaceae)
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Af.
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FI, SE
|
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Conyza canadensis (Asteraceae)
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N-Am.
|
Widespread
|
|
Cornus alba subsp. alba (Cornaceae)
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N-Am.
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DK, FI
|
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Cornus alba subsp. stolonifera (Cornaceae)
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N-Am.
|
DK, FI
|
|
Echinochloa crus-galli (Poaceae)
|
Cosmop.
|
Widespread
|
|
Elodea nuttallii (Hydrocharitaceae, EPPO List of IAP)
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N-Am.
|
Widespread
|
|
Galega orientalis (Fabaceae)
|
As. Temp.
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DK, EE, FI, LV, SE
|
|
Leymus innovatus (Poaceae)
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N-Am.
|
SE
|
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Lupinus nootkatensis (Fabaceae)
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N-Am.
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FI, NO, SE
|
|
Lysichiton americanus (Araceae, EPPO Observation list of IAP)
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N-Am.
|
BE, CH, DK, DE, FI, FR, GB, IE, NL, NO, SE
|
|
Malus domestica (Rosaceae)
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As.
|
Widespread
|
|
Nymphoides peltata (Menyanthaceae)
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As. Temp. and Trop., Eur.
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Native in part of the EPPO region, established in CH, DK, IE, SE
|
|
Papaver rhoeas (Papaveraceae)
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Af., As. Temp. and Trop., Eur.
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Native in part of the EPPO region, established in CZ, DK, EE, LV, SE
|
|
Petasites japonicus subsp. giganteus (Asteraceae)
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As. Temp.
|
?
|
|
Poa chaixii (Poaceae)
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Asia Temp., Eur.
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Native in part of the EPPO region, established in DK, FI, GB, IE, LV, LT, NL, NO, SE
|
|
Prunus pensylvanica (Rosaceae)
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N-Am.
|
FI, GB
|
|
Thuja plicata (Cupressaceae)
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N-Am.
|
AT, DK, EE, GB, NL, NO, SE
|
|
Senecio cannabifolius (Asteraceae)
|
N-Am.
|
SE
|
|
Setaria pumila (Poaceae)
|
Cosmop.
|
BE, CZ, DE, DK, ES, NL, PT (Azores, Madeira)
|
|
Setaria viridis (Poaceae)
|
Af., As temp. and trop., Eur.
|
Native in part of the EPPO region, established in BY, DK, FI, NO, RU, SK, TN
|
|
Sorbaria sorbifolia (Rosaceae)
|
As. Temp.
|
BE, CZ, DK, EE, FI, FR, GB, IT, LV, LT, NO, PL, SE
|
|
Symphytum officinale (Boraginaceae)
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As. Temp., Eur.
|
Native in part of the EPPO region, established in DK, FI, NO, SE
|
|
Symphytum bohemicum (Boraginaceae)
|
As. Temp., Eur.
|
Native in part of the EPPO region, established in DK, FI, NO, SE
|
|
Symphytum x uplandicum (Boraginaceae)
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Horticulture hybrid
|
CZ, DE, DK, FI, FR, GB, IE, LT, NL, NO, PT (Azores), SE
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The EPPO Secretariat notes that some invasive alien plants such as Ceratophyllum submersum, Leymus innovatus, Lupinus nootkatensis, Prunus pensylvanica and Senecio cannabifolius, which are alien to the EPPO region and still of limited distribution, may represent emerging invasive alien plants for the EPPO region.
Sources
CABI – Invasive Species Compendium.
http://www.cabi.org/isc
DAISIE - Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe.
http://www.europe-aliens.org
DAISIE - Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe.
http://www.europe-aliens.org
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Alien species in Finland.
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (2012) Finland’s National Strategy on Invasive Alien Species. 126 pp.
NOBANIS – European Network on Invasive Alien Species.
United States Department of Agriculture, Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).