New data on quarantine pests and pests of the EPPO Alert List
By searching through the literature, the EPPO Secretariat has extracted the following new data concerning quarantine pests and pests included on the EPPO Alert List. The situation of the pest concerned is indicated in bold, using the terms of ISPM no. 8.
- New records
In Panama, coffee rust (Hemileia vastatrix) was detected for the first time in August 2012 in the Chiriqui province and then spread to all coffee-production areas of Panama. It is estimated that 46% of the crops are affected. Phytosanitary measures are being taken to prevent any further spread of the disease (MIDA, 2013).
Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (formerly EPPO A2 List) is reported for the first time from China. The virus was found during a survey conducted from 2010 to 2012 on samples collected from 206 stone fruit trees in 6 provinces (unspecified). The virus was detected in 1 Prunus avium (sweet cherry), 1 P. armeniaca (apricot), 1 P. persica (peach), 1 P. domestica (plum) and 2 P. cerasi (sour cherry) (Zhou et al., 2013). Present, no details.
Iris yellow spot virus (Tospovirus, IYSV – formerly EPPO Alert List) occurs in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was detected for the first time in July 2012 in 1 onion seed crop (Allium cepa) at Gornji Karajzovci in the region of Banja Luka (Trkulja et al., 2013).
Phoma exigua var. foveata (formerly EPPO A2 List) is reported for the first time from Chile. The fungus was found during a survey in the municipalities of Aysén, Coyhaique and Río Ibáñez (Aysén region) on potatoes grown in family gardens for home consumption. Eradication measures have been taken (PotatoPro, 2013).
- Detailed records
Acidovorax citrulli (EPPO Alert List) occurs in Anhui province, China. In July 2012, it was observed on watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seedlings grafted on pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) rootstocks (Tian et al., 2013).
The dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobium abietinum f.sp. concoloris (EPPO A1 List) has been found on Abies durangensis in the state of Durango, Mexico (Quiñonez Barraza et al., 2013).
In 2012, Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae – EPPO A2 List) was observed for the first time in País Vasco, Spain. The pest was observed near Gipuzkoa, in 2 Txakoli vineyards (Anonymous, 2013).
In the Czech Republic, Globodera pallida (EPPO A2 List) was recorded once in 1998 (EPPO RS 2011/140) in a private plot. In July 2011, this nematode was detected for the second time in soil samples collected from a potato field near Teplá, Karlovy Vary region (Douda et al., 2012).
Monilinia fructicola (EPPO A2 List) occurs in Maryland, USA. The fungus was detected in July 2010 on sweet cherry trees (Prunus avium) in 1 commercial orchard (Chen et al., 2013).
In Western Siberia (Russia), Polygraphus proximus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae – EPPO Alert List) and its associated fungus Ophiostoma aoshimae were found in Altay (Baranchikov et al., 2012).
In spring 2012, a severe disease was observed on a limited number of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) in a research glasshouse in western North Carolina (US). The presence of Potato spindle tuber viroid (Pospiviroid, PSTVd – EPPO A2 List) was confirmed in symptomatic tomato plants. This is the second time that a natural PSTVd infection is reported from the USA on tomatoes. The first one was detected in 2010 in California (see EPPO RS 2011/154) but has been successfully eradicated (Ling et al., 2013).
- New host plants
In Bulgaria, unusual symptoms were noticed at the end of August 2009 during a routine field survey on 2 year-old canes of Rubus fruticosus cv. ‘Evergreen Thornless’ near Plovdiv. Affected plants showed severe stunting, a bushy appearance, upward leaf curling. In addition, their leaves remained green until the end of the season. Molecular tests (PCR, RFLP, sequencing) confirmed the presence of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (EPPO A2 List) in diseased blackberry plants (Bobev et al., 2013).
In 2008 and 2009, unusual symptoms were observed on Rubus fruticosus cv. ‘Chester’ in the provinces of Isparta and Konya, Turkey. Affected plants showed shoot blight and cankers with brown discoloration of necrotic tissues on mature branches. It is estimated that the disease incidence was around 2%. Bacteria were consistently isolated from diseased plant tissues and were identified as Erwinia amylovora (EPPO A2 List) on the basis of biochemical, physiological, molecular and pathogenicity tests (Bastas et al., 2012).
Sources
Anonymous (2013) Incidencia de plagas y enfermedades en las Comunidades Autonomas en 2012. Phytoma-España no.248, 57-59.
Baranchikov Y, Pashenova N, Petko V (2012) United they stand: invasive association of four-eyed fir bark beetle and ophiostomal fungus destroy fir taiga forest in Siberia. Abstract of a paper presented at the 3rd meeting of IUFRO Working Unit 7.03.12 ‘Alien invasive species and international trade’ (Tokyo, JP, 2012-06-10/16)
Bastas KK, Sahin F (2012) First report of fire blight disease on blackberry in Turkey. Plant Disease 96(12), p 1818.
Bobev SG, de Jonghe K, Maes M (2013) First report of Candidatus Phytoplasma solani on blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) in Bulgaria. Plant Disease 97(2), p 282.
Chen F, Liu X, Schnabel G (2013) First report of brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola in sweet cherry in Maryland. Plant Disease 97(1), p 145.
Douda O, Zouhar M, Urban J (2012) Identification and characterization of pale potato cyst nematode (Globodera pallida) in Teplá, the Czech Republic. Plant Disease 96(9), p 1386.
INTERNET
- Ministerio de Desarrollo Agropecuario (2013-04-09) MIDA declara emergencia por plagas que afectan al café. http://168.77.213.112/noticias_id_1877.html (via PestLens).
- PotatoPro. Services for the Potato Industry. News of 2013-04-03. El Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero de Chile detecta presencia de plaga cuarentenaria de la papa. http://www.potatopro.com/Lists/News/dispForm.aspx?ID=7985
Ling KS, Li R, Panthee DR, Gardner RG (2013) First report of Potato spindle tuber viroid naturally infecting greenhouse tomatoes in North Carolina. Plant Disease 97(1), p 148.
Quiñonez Barraza S, Mathiasen R, Gonzalez-Elizondo S (2013) First report of white fir dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium abietinum f. sp. concoloris) on Durango fir (Abies durangensis) from Durango, Mexico. Plant Disease 97(3), 431-432.
Tian YL, Zhao YQ, Hu BS, Liu FQ (2013) First report of seedling blight of watermelon caused by Acidovorax citrulli transmitted from rootstock of pumpkin in China. Plant Disease 97(3), p 420.
Trkulja V, Mihić Salapura J, Kovačić D, Sanković I, Bulajić A, Vučurović A, Krstić B (2013) First report of Iris yellow spot virus infecting onion in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Plant Disease 97(3), p 430.
Zhou JF, Wang GP, Qu LN, Deng CL, Wang Y, Wang LP, Hong N (2013) First report of Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus on stone fruit trees in China. Plant Disease 97(2), 290-291.