New data on quarantine pests and pests of the EPPO Alert List
By browsing through the literature, the EPPO Secretariat has extracted the following new data concerning quarantine pests and pests included on the EPPO Alert List. The situation of the pest concerned is indicated in bold, using the terms of ISPM no. 8.
- New geographical records
Phytophthora cambivora (formerly on the EPPO Alert List) which causes a severe decline of common alder (Alnus glutinosa) is reported for the first time in Poland (Orlikowski et al., 2003). Present, no details.
In Lithuania, Longidoridae are considered as quarantine pests with the exception of the indigenous species, Longidorus elongatus. In 2001, 6049 soil samples from 1078 ha were examined for the presence of plant-parasitic nematodes. Longidorus euonymus was recorded from a single field (12 ha) of natural grassland in the Marijapolė region. This is the first report of L. euonymus in Lithuania (Stanelis, 2003). Present, first found in 2001 in one grassland field in Marijapolė region.
- Detailed records
Beet necrotic yellow vein benyvirus (causing rhizomania – EPPO A2 list) occurs in North Dakota, USA (Workneh et al., 2003).
In Italy, Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae – EPPO A2 list) occurs in the following regions: Abruzzi, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Emilia-Romagna, Lazio, Liguria, Lombardia, Molise, Piemonte, Puglia, Sicilia and Sardegna, Toscana, Trentino-Alto Adige, Veneto (Trematerra, 2003).
In USA, Iris yellow spot tospovirus (EPPO Alert List) has recently been reported in onion seed and bulb crops in Washington State. So far, this virus has also been reported in Colorado, Idaho and Oregon (du Toit et al., 2004).
In 2000/2002, surveys and molecular studies were done in Tunisia on tomato yellow leaf curl diseases in the main tomato-growing areas. Results showed that only Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (EPPO A2 list) occurs in Tunisia. It was found on tomato samples from Sahel and South regions, but not from other tomato-growing areas (Fekih-Hassan et al., 2003).
Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (EPP A2 list) was found for the first time in France in 1995 (see EPPO RS 97/112). The disease caused serious damage in peach in Drôme and Gard. However, in 2002, the disease incidence was moderate in Drôme and low in Gard. Studies are being carried on possible control measures (e.g. copper and sulphur treatments). Work is also being done on the influence of soil type, irrigation and peach cultivar (Rouzet et al., 2003).
- New host plants
In Florida (US), Plasmopara halstedii (EU Annexes) was reported for the first time on Rudbeckia fulgida (Asteraceae) in August 2003. Affected plants did not produce flowers, and this outbreak led to the loss of 6,500 potted plants. The disease was observed after the excessive rains of summer 2003, but the origin of this outbreak is unknown (Dankers et al., 2004).
In Poland, Tomato black ring nepovirus (EU Annexes) is reported for the first time on cucumbers (Cucumis sativus) growing in a private garden. Affected plants showed growth reduction, leaf deformation and yellow spots (Pospieszny et al., 2003).
In Washington D.C. (US), Xylella fastidiosa (EPPO A1 list) has been observed for the first time on Quercus velutina causing leaf scorch symptoms (Huang, 2004).
Sources
Dankers, H.; Kimbrough, J.W.; Momol, M.T. (2004) First report of Plasmopara halstedii on perennial black-eyed Susan in North Florida. Plant Health Progress (on-line publication, 2004-01-19). http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/php/brief/2004/susan/
Fekih-Hassan, I.; Gorsane, F.; Djilani, F.; Fakhfakh, H.; Nakhla, M.; Maxwell, D.; Marrakchi, M. (2003) Detection of Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus in Tunisia. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin, 33(2), 347-350.
Huang, Q. (2004) First report of Xylella fastidiosa associated with leaf scorch in black oak in Washington D.C. Plant Disease, 88(2), p 224.
Orlikowski, L.; B.; Oszako, T.; Szkuta, G. (2003) First record of alder Phytophthora in Poland. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 43(1), 33-39.
Pospieszny, H.; Jończyk, M.; Borodynko, N. (2003) First record of Tomato black ring virus (TBRV) in the natural infection of Cucumis sativus in Poland. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 43(1), 11-18.
Rouzet, J.; André; J.; Garcin, A.; Aymard, J.; Chaumel, M.; Blanc, P.; Boudon, S.; Payen, C. (2003) Quelles alternatives face à la bactérie Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni. Bilan des expérimentations menées depuis 1998. Phytoma – La Défense des Végétaux n° 565, 45-49.
Stanelis, A. (2003) The occurrence of Longidorus euonymus Mali & Hooper, 1974 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) in Lithuanian natural grassland. Russian Journal of Nematology, 11(1), 61-62.
du Toit, L.J.; Pappu, H.R. ; Druffel, K.L., Pelter, G.Q. (2004) Iris yellow spot virus in onion bulb and seed crops in Washington. Plant Disease, 8(2), p 222.
Trematerra, P. (2003) Catalogo dei Lepidoptera Tortricidae della fauna italiana : geonemia, distribuzione in Italia, note biologiche, identificazione. Bolletino di Zoologia agraria e di Bachicoltura. Serie II, volume 35 (suppl.), 270 pp.
Workneh, F.; Villanueva, E.; Steddom, K.; Rush, C.M. (2003) Spacial association and distribution of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus and Beet soilborne mosaic virus in sugar beet fields. Plant Disease, 87(6), 707-711.