Phytoplasma classification
Firrao et al. (2004) have summarized in a useful table the new names which have been proposed for phytoplasmas in the genus ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’. This new genus now comprises 26 species (the ones in square brackets still need to be validly described).
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‘Candidatus Phytoplasma species’
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Phylogenetic group*
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Associated disease
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‘Ca. Phytoplasma asteris’
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Aster Yellows group (16SrI)
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Aster yellows
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‘Ca. Phytoplasma japonicum’
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Aster Yellows group (16SrI)
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Japanese Hydrangea phyllody
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‘Ca. Phytoplasma aurantifolia’
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Peanut Witches’ Broom group (16SrII)
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Lime witches’ broom
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[‘Ca. Phytoplasma pruni’]
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X-disease group (16SrIII)
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X-disease
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[‘Ca. Phytoplasma palmae’]
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Coconut Lethal Yellowing group (16SrIV)
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Coconut lethal yellowing (Mexico)
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[‘Ca. Phytoplasma cocostanzaniae’]
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Coconut Lethal Yellowing group (16SrIV)
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Coconut lethal yellowing (Tanzania)
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[‘Ca. Phytoplasma cocosnigeriae’]
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Coconut Lethal Yellowing group (16SrIV)
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Coconut lethal yellowing (Nigeria)
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‘Ca. Phytoplasma castaneae’
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Coconut Lethal Yellowing group (16SrIV)
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Korea chestnut witches’ broom
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‘Ca. Phytoplasma ziziphi’
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Elm Yellows group (16SrV)
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Ziziphus jujube witches’ broom
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[‘Ca. Phytoplasma vitis’]
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Elm Yellows group (16SrV)
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Flavescence dorée
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‘Ca. Phytoplasma ulmi’
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Elm Yellows group (16SrV)
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Elm yellows
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‘Ca. Phytoplasma trifolii’
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Clover Proliferation group (16SrVI)
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Clover proliferation
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‘Ca. Phytoplasma fraxini’
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Ash Yellows group (16SrVII)
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Ash yellows
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[‘Ca. Phytoplasma luffae’]
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Loofah Witches’ Broom group (16SrVIII)
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Loofah witches’ broom
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‘Ca. Phytoplasma phoenicium’
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Pigeon Pea Witches’ Broom group (16SrIX)
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Almond lethal disease
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‘Ca. Phytoplasma mali’
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Apple Proliferation group (16SrX)
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Apple proliferation
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‘Ca. Phytoplasma pyri’
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Apple Proliferation group (16SrX)
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Pear decline
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‘Ca. Phytoplasma prunorum’
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Apple Proliferation group (16SrX)
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European stone fruit yellows
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‘Ca. Phytoplasma spartii’
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Apple Proliferation group (16SrX)
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Spartium witches’ broom
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‘Ca. Phytoplasma rhamni’
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Apple Proliferation group (16SrX)
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Buckthorn witches’ broom
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‘Ca. Phytoplasma allocasuarinae’
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Apple Proliferation group (16SrX)
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Allocasuarina yellows
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‘Ca. Phytoplasma oryzae’
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Rice Yellow Dwarf group (16SrXI)
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Rice yellow dwarf
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‘Ca. Phytoplasma australiense’
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Stolbur group (16SrXII)
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Australian grapevine yellows
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[‘Ca. Phytoplasma solani’]
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Stolbur group (16SrXII)
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Stolbur and Bois Noir
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‘Ca. Phytoplasma cynodontis’
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Bermuda grass white leaf group (16SrXIV)
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Bermuda grass white leaf
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‘Ca. Phytoplasma brasiliense’
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‘Ca. P. brasiliense’ group (16SrXV)
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Brazilian hibiscus witches’ broom
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Phylogenetic group according to: Lee IM, Gundersen-Rindal DE, Davis RE & Bartoszyk IM (1998) Revised classification scheme of phytoplasmas based on RFLP analyses of 16S rRNA and ribosomal protein gene sequences. International Journal of Systematic bacteriology 48, 1153-1169.
Sources
Firrao G, Marcone C, Bertaccini A (2004) Phytoplasma classification. Abstract of a paper presented at the 11th SIPaV Annual Meeting (Milano, IT, 2004-09-29/10-01). Journal of Plant Pathology 86(4), p 299.