New data on quarantine pests and pests of the EPPO Alert List
By browsing through the CABI Abstracts, the EPPO Secretariat has extracted the following new data concerning quarantine pests and pests included on the EPPO Alert List. The situation of the pest concerned is indicated in bold, using the terms of ISPM no. 8.
- New records
Peach latent mosaic pelamoviroid (formerly on the EPPO A lists) is reported for the first time from Bosnia and Herzegovina (Matic et al., 2004). Present, first found in 2004.
During a survey done in 17 orchards in the northern and Sahel regions of Tunisia, Peach latent mosaic pelamoviroid (formerly on the EPPO A lists) was detected for the first time (Fekih Hassen et al., 2004). Present, first found in 2004.
In Ukraine, typical symptoms of grapevine yellows were observed in vineyards in the Ovidiopolskij region (near Odessa) which had been planted in 2000 with cv. Chardonnay. Molecular studies revealed the presence of a stolbur phytoplasma (associated with bois noir disease). It is noted that the vector, Hyalesthes obsoletus, is reported to be present in the south of Ukraine. This is the first documented report of stolbur phytoplasma infecting grapevines in Ukraine which confirms earlier observations (Milkus et al., 2004). Present, confirmed in 2004 near Odessa.
- Detailed records
Cucumber vein yellowing ipomovirus (EPPO A2 list) occurs in courgette, cucumber, melon and watermelon grown in protected conditions in Andalucía, Spain (Anonymous, 2003a).
In Italy, Ceroplastes ceriferus (Homoptera: Coccidae – EPPO Alert List) occurs in Emilia-Romagna, in a limited area near Lugo (Bariselli, 2004).
Heterodera glycines (EPPO A1 list) is reported for the first time from North Dakota in USA (Bradley et al., 2004).
Iris yellow spot tospovirus (IYSV - EPPO Alert List) is reported from Oregon (US). During 2004, a few onion seed crops in Jefferson county in central Oregon showed severe symptoms. The presence of the virus was confirmed in these affected crops (Crowe & Pappu, 2005). IYSV has also been detected in onion crops in Georgia (Mullis et al., 2004) and New Mexico (Creamer et al., 2004).
Puccinia horiana (EPPO A2 list) occurs in Poland. It is reported that over the last 20 years of observation, the fungus has appeared on chrysanthemum every year with variable incidence, depending on cultivars and environmental conditions (Wojdyla, 2004).
Citrus canker (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri – EPPO A1 list) was recently found in a new county (St Lucie) of Florida (US). Eradication measures have been taken (Promed posting, 2005).
Oleander leaf scorch caused by Xylella fastidiosa (EPPO A1 list) is reported for the first time from Texas, USA. So far, it had only been reported from California and Florida (Huang et al., 2004).
- Absence
The 2003 Annual Report of the phytosanitary service of Valle d’Aosta region (IT) provides useful information on the current situation of pests and diseases. For regulated pests, the situation has not fundamentally changed since 2002 (see EPPO RS 2003/165), but surveys confirmed the absence in 2003 of: Erwinia amylovora, Grapevine flavescence dorée, Ralstonia solanacearum (all on the EPPO A2 list) in Valle d’Aosta region (Anonymous, 2003b).
- New host plants
Arceuthobium gillii (EU Annexes, as non-European Arceuthobium spp.) is known to occur in Mexico (Sierra Madre occidental from Central Durango and Northern Sinaloa into Chihuahua and Sonora). In Mexico, it commonly parasitizes Pinus leiophylla var. leiophylla and var. chihuahuana, P. lumholtzii and P. herrerai. It is rarely found on P. arizonica and P. cooperi. In USA, A. gillii occurs in Southern Arizona (mountains of Chiricahua, Huachuca, Santa Rita, Rincon, Santa Catalina) and in Southern New Mexico (mountains of Animas). In Arizona, a small population of A. gillii parasitizing Pinus engelmannii was observed for the first time. 4 infested trees were found in the vicinity of heavily infested P. leiophylla var. chihuahuana (Daugherty & Mathiasen, 2005).
Arceuthobium vaginatum subsp. cryptopodum (EPPO A1 list) severely parasitizes several species of Pinus in Southern USA and Northern Mexico, but so far it had not been found on Picea species. In June 2004, A. vaginatum subsp. cryptopodum was observed for the first time on a Picea pungens tree in Colorado. This tree, planted for ornamental purposes, was located near heavily infested Pinus ponderosa trees (Mathiasen et al., 2005).
Strawberry latent ringspot virus (EU Annexes) is reported for the first time on Mentha. Several mint clones grown in a USDA germplasm collection showed yellow veinbanding symptoms (Postman et al., 2004)
Sources
Anonymous (2003a) Incidencia de plagas y enfermedades en la Comunidades Autónomas en 2002 - Andalucía. Phytoma España, 28-34.
Anonymous (2003b) Rapport d’activité 2003. Service phytosanitaire de l’arboriculture fruitière et des cultures. Région autonome de la Vallée d’Aoste, 120 pp.
Bariselli M (2004) Un nuovo pericoloso parassita delle piante ornamentali: la coccinigli Ceroplastes ceriferus. Agricoltura no. 1 (supplement), January 2004, 4 pp. Servizio fitosanitario, Regione Emilia-Romagna, Bologna, IT.
Bradley CA, Biller CR, Nelson BD (2005) First report of soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) on soybean in North Dakota. Plant Disease, 88(11), p 1287.
Creamer R, Sanogo S, Moya A, Romero J, Molina-Bravo R, Cramer C (2004) Iris yellow spot virus on onion in New Mexico. Plant Disease, 88(9), p 1049.
Crowe FJ, Pappu HR (2005) Outbreak of Iris yellow spot virus in onion seed crops in Central Oregon. Plant Disease, 89(1), p 105.
Daugherty C, Mathiasen R (2005) First report of Chihuahua pine dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium gillii) on Apache pine (Pinus engelmannii). Plant Disease, 89(1) p 106.
Fekih Hassen I, Kummert J, Marbot S (2004) First report of Pear blister canker viroid, Peach latent mosaic viroid and Hop stunt viroid infecting fruit trees in Tunisia. Plant Disease, 88(10), p 1164.
Huang Q, Brlansky RH, Barnes L, Li W, Hartung JS (2004) First report of oleander leaf scorch caused by Xylella fastidiosa in Texas, Plant Disease, 88(9), p 1049.
Mathiasen R, Haefeli M, Marcus N (2005) Southern dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobium vaginatum subsp. cryptopodum found parasitizing Picea pungens in Colorado. Plant Disease, 89(1) p 106.
Matic S, Al-Rwahnih M, Myrta A (2004) First record of Peach latent mosaic viroid and Hop stunt viroid in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Journal of Plant Pathology, 86(3), 263-264.
Milkus B, Clair D, Idir S, Habili N, Boudon-Padieu E (2004) First detection of stolbur phytoplasma in grapevines (Vitis vinifera cv. Chardonnay) affected with grapevine yellows in the Ukraine. New Disease Reports no. 10. http://www.bspp.org.uk/ndr/jan2005/2004-60.asp
Mullis SW, Langston Jr DB, Gitaitis RD, Sherwood JL, Csinos AC, Riley DG, Sparks AN, Torrance RL, Cook MJ (2004) First report of Vidalia onion (Allium cepa) naturally infected with Tomato spotted wilt virus and Iris yellow spot virus (Family Bunyaviridae, Genus Tospovirus) in Georgia. Plant Disease, 88(11), p 1285.
Postman JD, Tzanetakis IE, Martin RR (2004) First report of Strawberry latent ringspot virus in a Mentha sp. from North America. Plant Disease, 88(8), p 907.
Promed posting of 2005-05-10. Citrus canker – USA (Florida). Canker outbreak reported in St Lucie County. http://www.promedmail.org
Wojdyla AT (2004) Development of Puccinia horiana on chrysanthemum leaves in relation to chemical compounds and time of their application. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 44(2), 91-102.