Catalogue of alien plants in the Czech Republic
This study presents a list of the 1378 alien taxa in the Czech Republic (33.4% of the total flora). Czech alien flora consists of 24.1% of taxa which arrived before 1500 (archaeophytes) and 75.9% neophytes. There are 891 casual, 397 naturalized and 90 invasive species. Of introduced neophytes, 21.9% became naturalized and 6.6% invasive. The proportion of hybrids amounts to 13.3% of the total number of alien plants, and hybridization is more frequent in archaeophytes (18.7%) than in neophytes (11.7%). When the 184 hybrids are excluded from the total number of alien plants, the Czech flora includes 270 archaeophytes and 924 neophytes (i.e. in total 1194 taxa). Accidental arrivals account for 53.4% of all taxa and deliberate introduction for 46.6%; the ratio is reversed for neophytes considered separately (45.5 vs. 54.5%). The majority of alien plants (62.8%) are confined to human-made habitats, 11% were recorded exclusively in natural or seminatural habitats, and 26.2% occur in both types of habitats.
The invasive species recorded by this study are the following (species in bold type are listed on the EPPO List of invasive alien plants):
|
Taxon
|
Family
|
Origin
|
Life form
|
Habitats
|
N° Localities
|
Introduction
|
|
Acer negundo
|
Aceraceae
|
N-Am
|
Tree
|
Natural, seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Deliberate
|
|
Ailanthus altissima
|
Simaroubaceae
|
Asia
|
Tree
|
Natural, seminatural and human-made
|
50-499
|
Deliberate
|
|
Amaranthus powelii
|
Amaranthaceae
|
C&S Am
|
Annual
|
Human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental
|
|
Amaranthus retroflexus
|
Amaranthaceae
|
N & C Am
|
Annual
|
Human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental
|
|
Ambrosia artemisiifolia
|
Asteraceae
|
N-Am
|
Annual
|
Human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental
|
|
Amorpha fruticosa
|
Fabaceae
|
N-Am
|
Shrub
|
Seminatural
|
15-49
|
Deliberate
|
|
Angelica archangelica subsp. Archangelica
|
Apiaceae
|
Eur., Asia
|
Biennial, perenial
|
Natural, seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Deliberate
|
|
Apera spica-venti
|
Poaceae
|
Eur-Asia
|
Annual
|
Human-made
|
50-499
|
Accidental
|
|
Arrhenatherum elatius subsp. elatius
|
Poaceae
|
Eur.
|
Perenial
|
Natural, seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental
|
|
Aster lanceolatus
|
Asteraceae
|
N-Am
|
Perenial
|
Seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Deliberate
|
|
Aster novi-belgii
|
Asteraceae
|
N-Am
|
Perenial
|
Seminatural and human-made
|
50-499
|
Deliberate
|
|
Aster xsalignus
|
Asteraceae
|
|
Perenial
|
Seminatural and human-made
|
15-49
|
Deliberate
|
|
Aster versicolor
|
Asteraceae
|
|
Perenial
|
Seminatural and human-made
|
15-49
|
Deliberate
|
|
Atriplex oblongifolia
|
Chenopodiaceae
|
Eur, Asia, Africa
|
Annual
|
Human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental
|
|
Atriplex sagittata
|
Chenopodiaceae
|
Eur, Asia
|
Annual
|
Human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental
|
|
Ballota nigra
|
Lamiaceae
|
Eur, Asia, Africa
|
Perenial
|
Seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental
|
|
Bidens frondosa
|
Asteraceae
|
N-Am
|
Annual
|
Natural, seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental
|
|
Brassica nigra
|
Brassicaceae
|
Eur
|
Annual
|
Seminatural and human-made
|
15-49
|
Accidental, Deliberate
|
|
Bryonia alba
|
Cucurbitaceae
|
Eur., Asia
|
Perenial
|
Seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Deliberate
|
|
Bunias orientalis
|
Brassicaceae
|
Eur., Asia
|
Biennial, perenial
|
Seminatural and human-made
|
50-499
|
Accidental
|
|
Cannabis ruderalis
|
Canabinaceae
|
Asia
|
Annual
|
Human-made
|
50-499
|
Accidental
|
|
Cardaria draba
|
Brassicaceae
|
Eur., Asia
|
Perenial
|
Human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental
|
|
Chenopodium ficifolium
|
Chenopodiaceae
|
Eur., Asia
|
Annual
|
Seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental
|
|
Chenopodium pedunculare
|
Chenopodiaceae
|
Eur.
|
Annual
|
Seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental, deliberate
|
|
Cirsium arvense
|
Asteraceae
|
Eur., Asia
|
Perenial
|
Seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental
|
|
Cirsium vulgare
|
Asteraceae
|
Eur., Asia
|
Perenial
|
Seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental
|
|
Conium maculatum
|
Apiaceae
|
Eur, Asia, Africa
|
Annual, biennial
|
Human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental
|
|
Conyza canadensis
|
Asteraceae
|
N-Am.
|
Annual
|
Human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental
|
|
Cuscuta campestris
|
Convolvulaceae
|
N-Am.
|
Annual
|
Human-made
|
15-49
|
Accidental
|
|
Cytisus scoparius subsp scoparius
|
Fabaceae
|
Eur.
|
Shrub
|
Natural, seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Deliberate
|
|
Digitalis purpurea
|
Scrophulariaceae
|
Eur.
|
Biennial, perenial
|
Natural, seminatural
|
over 500
|
Deliberate
|
|
Echinocystis lobata
|
Cucurbitaceae
|
N-Am.
|
|
Natural, seminatural and human-made
|
50-499
|
Deliberate
|
|
Echinops sphaerocephalus
|
Asteraceae
|
Eur., Asia
|
|
Seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Deliberate
|
|
Elodea canadensis
|
Hydrocharitaceae
|
N-Am.
|
|
Natural, seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental
|
|
Epilobium ciliatum
|
Onagraceae
|
N & C Am.
|
|
Natural, seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental
|
|
Erigeron annuus subsp. septentrionalis
|
Asteraceae
|
N-Am.
|
Annual, Biennal
|
Human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental
|
|
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
|
Oleaceae
|
N-Am.
|
Tree
|
Natural, seminatural and human-made
|
50-499
|
Deliberate
|
|
Galeobdolon argentatum
|
Lamiaaceae
|
|
Perenial
|
Natural, seminatural and human-made
|
50-499
|
Deliberate
|
|
Galinsoga ciliata
|
Asteraceae
|
C & S Am.
|
Annual
|
Human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental
|
|
Galinsoga parviflora
|
Asteraceae
|
S-Am.
|
Annual
|
Human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental
|
|
Geranium pyrenaicum
|
Geraniaceae
|
Eur., Asia
|
Biennial, perenial
|
Human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental, deliberate
|
|
Helianthus tuberosus
|
Asteraceae
|
N-Am.
|
Perenial
|
Natural, seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Deliberate
|
|
Heracleum mantegazzianum
|
Apiaceae
|
Eur.
|
Biennial, Perenial
|
Natural, seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Deliberate
|
|
Impatiens glandulifera
|
Balsaminaceae
|
Asia
|
Annual
|
Natural, seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Deliberate
|
|
Impatiens parviflora
|
Balsaminaceae
|
Asia
|
Annual
|
Natural, seminantural
|
over 500
|
Deliberate
|
|
Imperatoria ostruthium
|
Apiaceae
|
Eur.
|
Perenial
|
Seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Deliberate
|
|
Juncus tenuis
|
Juncaceae
|
N-Am.
|
Perenial
|
Seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental
|
|
Kochia scoparia
|
Chenopodiaceae
|
Eur., Asia
|
Annual
|
Human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental
|
|
Lupinus polyphyllus
|
Fabaceae
|
N-Am.
|
Perenial
|
Natural, seminatural
|
over 500
|
Deliberate
|
|
Lycium barbatum
|
Solanaceae
|
Eur., Asia
|
Shrub
|
Natural, seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Deliberate
|
|
Mahonia aquifolium
|
Berberidaceae
|
N-Am.
|
Shrub
|
Natural, seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Deliberate
|
|
Matricaria discoidea
|
Asteraceae
|
Asia
|
Annual
|
Human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental
|
|
Melilotus albus
|
Fabaceae
|
Eur., Asia
|
Biennial, annual
|
Seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental, deliberate
|
|
Melilotus officinalis
|
Fabaceae
|
Eur., Asia
|
Biennial
|
Seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental, deliberate
|
|
Mimulus guttatus
|
Scrophulariaceae
|
N-Am.
|
Perenial
|
Natural, seminatural
|
over 500
|
Deliberate
|
|
Myrrhis odorata
|
Apiaceae
|
Eur.
|
Perenial
|
Natural, seminatural
|
over 500
|
Deliberate
|
|
Oenothera bienis
|
Onagraceae
|
|
Biennial, annual
|
Seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental, deliberate
|
|
Orobanche minor
|
Orobanchaceae
|
Eur, Asia, Africa
|
Biennial, perenial
|
Human-made
|
15-49
|
Accidental
|
|
Parthenocissus inserta
|
Vitaceae
|
N-Am.
|
Shrub
|
Natural, seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Deliberate
|
|
Persicaria polystachya
|
Polygonaceae
|
Asia
|
Perenial
|
Seminatural and human-made
|
15-49
|
Deliberate
|
|
Physocarpus opulifolius
|
Rosaceae
|
N-Am.
|
Shrub
|
Natural, seminatural and human-made
|
50-499
|
Deliberate
|
|
Pinus strobus
|
Pinaceae
|
N-Am.
|
Tree
|
Natural
|
over 500
|
Deliberate
|
|
Plantago major subsp. major
|
Plantaginaceae
|
Eur, Asia, Africa
|
Perenial
|
Human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental
|
|
Populus x canadensis
|
Salicaceae
|
|
Tree
|
Seminatural and human-made
|
50-499
|
Accidental, deliberate
|
|
Prunus serotina
|
Rosaceae
|
N-Am.
|
Tree, Shrub
|
Natural, seminatural
|
50-499
|
Deliberate
|
|
Reynoutria x bohemica
|
Polygonaceae
|
|
Perenial
|
Natural, seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental, deliberate
|
|
Reynoutria japonica var. japonica
|
Polygonaceae
|
Asia
|
Perenial
|
Seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Deliberate
|
|
Reynoutria sachalinensis
|
Polygonaceae
|
Asia
|
Perenial
|
Seminatural and human-made
|
50-499
|
Deliberate
|
|
Rhus hirta
|
Anacardiaceae
|
N-Am.
|
Shrub, tree
|
Seminatural and human-made
|
15-49
|
Deliberate
|
|
Robinia pseudoacacia
|
Fabaceae
|
Eur.
|
Shrub
|
Natural, seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Deliberate
|
|
Rudbeckia laciniata
|
Asteraceae
|
N-Am.
|
Perenial
|
Natural, seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Deliberate
|
|
Rumex alpinus
|
Polygonaceae
|
Eur., Asia
|
Perenial
|
Seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Deliberate
|
|
Rumex longifolius
|
Polygonaceae
|
Eur.
|
Perenial
|
Seminatural and human-made
|
15-49
|
Accidental
|
|
Rumex thyrsiflorus
|
Polygonaceae
|
Eur., Asia
|
Perenial
|
Natural, seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental
|
|
Sedum hispanicum
|
Crassulaceae
|
Eur., Asia
|
Perenial
|
Seminatural and human-made
|
50-499
|
Deliberate
|
|
Sisymbrium loeselii
|
Brassicaceae
|
Eur, Asia, Africa
|
Annual
|
Human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental
|
|
Solidago canadensis
|
Asteraceae
|
N-Am.
|
Perenial
|
Natural, seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Deliberate
|
|
Solidago gigantea
|
Asteraceae
|
N-Am.
|
Perenial
|
Natural, seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Deliberate
|
|
Symphoricarpos albus
|
Caprofoliaceae
|
N-Am.
|
Shrub
|
Natural, seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Deliberate
|
|
Syringa vulgaris
|
Oleaceae
|
Eur.
|
shrub, tree
|
Natural, seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Deliberate
|
|
Tanacetum vulgare
|
Asteraceae
|
Eur.
|
Perenial
|
Seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental
|
|
Telekia speciosa
|
Asteraceae
|
Eur.
|
Perenial
|
Seminatural and human-made
|
50-499
|
Deliberate
|
|
Tripleurospermum inodorum
|
Asteraceae
|
Eur.
|
Annual
|
Human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental
|
|
Veronica filiformis
|
Scrophulariaceae
|
Eur., Asia
|
Perenial
|
Seminatural and human-made
|
50-499
|
Deliberate
|
|
Veronica hederifolia
|
Scrophulariaceae
|
Eur, Asia, Africa
|
Annual
|
Natural, seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental
|
|
Veronica persica
|
Scrophulariaceae
|
Asia
|
Annual
|
Human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental
|
|
Viola odorata
|
Violaceae
|
Eur, Asia, Africa
|
Perenial
|
Natural, seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Deliberate
|
|
Viola x scabra
|
Violaceae
|
Eur., Asia
|
Perenial
|
Natural, seminatural and human-made
|
over 500
|
Accidental
|
|
Virga strigosa
|
Dipsacaceae
|
Eur., Asia
|
Biennial
|
Human-made
|
50-499
|
Deliberate
|
Other species of the EPPO List of invasive alien plants are recorded in the flora of Czech Republic as casual: Acroptilon repens (Asteraceae), Senecio inaequidens (Asteraceae) and Sicyos angulatus (Cucurbitaceae).
Sources
Pyšek P, Sádlo J, Mandák B (2002) Catalogue of alien plants of the Czech Republic. Preslia, Praha, 74: 97-186.