New data on quarantine pests and pests of the EPPO Alert List
By searching through the literature, the EPPO Secretariat has extracted the following new data concerning quarantine pests and pests included on the EPPO Alert List, and indicated in bold the situation of the pest concerned using the terms of ISPM no. 8.
- New records
Callidiellum rufipenne (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae – formerly EPPO Alert List) was first found in France in 2011. It was found in a Chamaecyparis lawsoniana tree located in a forest (forêt de la Sare, Pyrénées-Atlantiques department). Other infested sites were then also found in nearby areas (another tree in the same forest, 2 sites in the Urrugne forest) (van Meer and Cocquempot, 2013). Present, few occurrences.
During studies on Cerambycidae, several specimens of Callidiellum rufipenne (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae – formerly EPPO Alert List) were found in 2007 and 2008 on Krk Island, Croatia. One larva was found on Thuja sp. and several adults were collected (Łos and Plewa, 2011). Present, few occurrences.
In Belgium, Callidiellum rufipenne (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae – formerly EPPO Alert List) was observed in 2006 at Nijlen, near Anvers, on cut branches of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (Verbeelen, 2006). Present, few occurrences.
Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae – formerly EPPO Alert List) was first found in Latvia during summer 2002, and then spread across the whole territory of Latvia (Metla et al., 2013). Present, widespread.
The NPPO of Luxembourg recently confirmed the presence of Chalara fraxinea (teleomorph: Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus – EPPO Alert List) on its territory (NPPO of Luxembourg, 2014). Present, no details.
Cydalima perspectalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae – formerly EPPO Alert List) occurs in Romania. The first specimen was observed in October 2011 in the Northwestern part of Bucharest (Székely et al., 2011). Present, no details.
In Poland, Ditylenchus gigas (formerly known as the ‘giant race’ of Ditylenchus dipsaci – EPPO A2 List) has been identified in seeds of Vicia faba subsp. minor which had been collected in the 1990s. However, the current distribution and the economic importance of this nematode in Poland need to be further investigated (Jeszke et al., 2014). Present, no details.
Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) was first found in 2010 in Russia (Rostov Province) and in 2011 in Ukraine (Crimea and Zaporizhia Province) (Gapon, 2013). Present, few occurrences.
Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) was first reported from Greece in 2011. The insect was collected from Central Evia, Attica and Peloponnese (north), mainly from Pinus halepensis (Petrakis, 2011). Present, no details.
In April 2010, a bacterial wilt was observed on Dracaena sanderiana plants in glasshouses located in Seongnam (Gyeonggi province), Republic of Korea, with an incidence of 35-50%. D. sanderiana is marketed as the decorative plant ‘Lucky bamboo’ and is propagated from short cuttings, usually in water. It is mentioned that the diseased plants had been imported but their origin is not given. Laboratory studies showed that the causal agent was Erwinia stewartii (EPPO A2 List). This is the first time that E. stewartii is recorded on D. sanderiana, as well as in the Republic of Korea (Choi and Kim, 2013). Present, few occurrences.
Little cherry virus 2 (Ampelovirus, LChV2 – EU Annexes) was reported the first time in March 2014 from Australia. LChV2 was detected in one cherry orchard in Tasmania (ProMed, 2014). Present, no details.
In Portugal, one male specimen of Papilio demoleus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) was found in April 2012 in the municipality of Loulé (Algarve). The butterfly was flying in the citrus garden of the villa Quinta Mimosa. This is the first record for Europe of this potential citrus pest (see EPPO RS 2006/212). However, it is not known whether P. demoleus is established in Portugal (Morgun and Wiemers, 2012).
In Mauritius, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) was first found in February 2013 on Euphorbia pulcherrima at Pointe aux Sables. The presence of this invasive scale is also reported from Seychelles where it was collected in Cap Mahé in December 2007 (Germain et al., 2014).
- Detailed records
In Croatia, Cacyreus marshalli (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae – EPPO A2 List) was first found in 2008 on the island of Lošinj. In 2009-2010, it was also found on the island of Silba, and in the towns of Mali Lošinj and Labin. More recent studies have detected the pest in 14 new localities in Istria (3 localities), Hrvatsko primorje region (8 localities in coastal areas and islands) and Dalmatia (3 localities), thus showing that the pest has been spreading southwards along the Adriatic coast (Kučinić et al., 2013).
Cacyreus marshalli (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae – EPPO A2 List) occurs in Sardegna, Italy. It occurs almost everywhere on the Island (Pantaleoni et al., 2012).
Elsinoe australis (EU Annexes) has recently been detected in California (US). It was found in 2 commercial groves of lemons (Citrus limon) in Imperial county, as well as on grapefruit (C. paradisi) from a residential area in Los Angeles county (Stocks, 2014).
In Brazil, Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae – EPPO A2 List) occurs on Goias and Mato Grosso states, mainly on cotton and soybean crops (Czepak et al., 2013).
A study on Monilinia species causing brown rot on peach (Prunus persica) has been carried out in China. 145 samples of peaches and nectarines showing symptoms of brown rot have been collected from 29 commercial and 1 experimental orchards in several Chinese provinces. Three species, Monilinia fructicola (EPPO A2 List), M. mumecola (originally isolated from Japan on Prunus mume) and a previously undescribed species Monilia yunnanenis sp. nov. were detected. M. fructicola was found in samples from Beijing, Fujian, Gansu, Shandong, and Zhejiang. M. mumecola was found in samples from Hubei and M. yunnanensis in samples from Shanxi and Yunnan (Hu et al., 2011).
- New host plants
Studies conducted in the USA have confirmed that Gaultheria procumbens (Ericaceae) is a host plant for Phytophthora ramorum (EPPO A2 List) (Osterbauer et al., 2014).
In spring 2008, Dothistroma septosporum (anamorph: Mycosphaerella pini – EU Annexes) was found in Järvelja, southeastern Estonia, on Abies concolor. Further studies conducted in Southeastern Estonia and Northern Latvia also detected the fungus on Abies alba (Drenkhan et al., 2014).
- Diagnostics
A multiplex real-time PCR assay has been developed in Belgium to detect simultaneously Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 and Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (both EPPO A2 list). It is noted that this method is well adapted to the primary screening of potato tubers (Massart et al., 2014).
- New species
Two new species of Dryocosmus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), Dryocosmus sefuriensis sp. nov. and Dryocosmus sakureiensis sp. nov. have been described from Kyushu, Japan. These two new species are causing galls on the Japanese evergreen oak, Quercus acuta (Ide et al., 2013).
Sources
Choi O, Kim J (2013) Pantoea stewartii causing Stewart’s wilt on Dracaena sanderiana in Korea. Journal of Phytopathology 161(7-8), 578-581.
Czepak C, Cordeiro Albernaz K, Vivan LM, Oliveira Guimarães H, Carvalhais T. (2013) First reported occurrence of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Brazil. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical, Goiânia 43(1), 110-113.
Drenkhan R, Adamson K, Jürimaa K, Hanso M (2014) Dothistroma septosporum on firs (Abies spp.) in the northern Baltics. Forest Pathology. doi:10.1111/efp.12110
Gapon DA (2013) First records of the western conifer seed bug Leptoglossus occidentalis Heid. (Heteroptera, Coreidae) from Russia and Ukraine, regularities in its distribution and possibilities of its range expansion in the Palaearctic region. Entomological Review 93(2), 174-181 (abst.).
Germain JF, Sookar P, Buldawoo I, Permalloo S, Quilici S (2014) Trois espèces de cochenilles potentiellement invasives nouvelles pour l’île Maurice (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Pseudococcidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 119(1), 27-29.
Hu MJ, Cox DK, Schnabel G, Luo CX (2011) Monilinia species causing brown spot of peach in China. PlosONE 9(6) e24990. Doi:101371/journal.pone.0024990.
Ide T, Wachi N, Abe Y (2013) Description of two new species of Dryocosmus (Hymenoptera: Cynididae: Cynipini) inducing galls on the strictly Asian subgenus Cyclobalanopsis of the genus Quercus, with a key to species of Dryocosmus in East Asia. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 106(1), 18-25.
Jeszke A, Budziszewska M, Dobosz R, Stachowiak A, Protasewicz D, Wieczorek P, Obrępalska-Stęplowska A (2014) A comparative and phylogenetic study of the Ditylenchus dipsaci, Ditylenchus destructor and Ditylenchus gigas populations occurring in Poland. Journal of Phytopathology 162(1), 61-67.
Kučinić M, Koren T, Mihoci I, Vuković M, Bukovec D, Jakovljević T, Jenčič S (2013) Can spreading of the geranium bronze Cacyreus marshalli (Butler, 1898) (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) in Croatia be assigned to climate change? Periodicum Biologorum 115(3), 429-433.
Łos K, Plewa R (2011) Callidiellum rufipenne (Motschulsky, 1862) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) – new to the fauna of Croatia with remarks of its biology. Opole Scientific Society Nature Journal 44, 141-144.
Massart S, Nagy C, Jijakli MH (2014) Development of the simultaneous detection of Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 and Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus in potato tubers by a multiplex real-time PCR assay. European Journal of Plant Pathology 138(1), 29-37.
Metla Z, Voitkāne S, Sešķēna R, Petrova V, Jankevica L (2013) Presence of entomopathogenic fungi and bacteria in Latvian population of horse-chestnut leaf miner Cameraria ohridella. Acta Biologica Universitatis Daugavpiliensis 13(1), 69-76 (abst.).
Morgun DV, Wiemers M (2012) First record of the lime swallowtail Papilio demoleus Linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) in Europe. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 45, 85-89.
NPPO of Luxembourg (2014-04).
Osterbauer NK, Lane S, Trippe A (2014) Phytophthora ramorum identified infecting Eastern teaberry (Gaultheria procumbens) plants shipped to Oregon. Plant Health Progress. doi:10.1094/PHP-BR-13-0109
Pantaleoni RA, Cesaroni C, Cossu S, Deliperi S, Fadda L, Fois X, Lentini A, Loi A, Loru L, Molinu A, Nuvoli MT, Ramassini W, Sassu A, Serra G, Verdinelli M (2012) Impact of alien insect pests on Sardinian landscape and culture. Biodiversity Journal 3(4), 297-310.
Petrakis PV (2011) First record of Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in Greece. Entomologia Hellenica 20, 83-93.
ProMed posting (no. 20140304.2309952) of 2014-03-04. Little cherry disease - Australia (02): Little cherry virus 2. First report (Tasmania). http://www.promedmail.org
Stock SD (2014) Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus and sweet orange scab detected in California. NPDN First Detector Network News 9(1), p 4.
Székely L, Dincă V, Mihai C (2011) Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859), a new species for the Romanian fauna (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Spilomelinae). Buletin de informare entomologică 22, 73-78.
Van Meer C, Cocquempot C (2013) Découverte d’un foyer de Callidiellum rufipenne (Motschulsky, 1861) dans les Pyrénées-Atlantiques (France) et collection nomenclaturale (Cerambycidae Cerambycinae Callidiini). L’Entomologiste 69(2), 87-95.
Verbeelen F (2006) Callidiellum rufipenne (Motschulsky, 1860) nieuw voor België. Bulletin de la Société Royale Belge d'Entomologie 142(2), 132-134.